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79.
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Ubuntu was conceived in 2004 by \Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Mark Shuttleworth}, a successful South African entrepreneur, and his company \Index[Canonical]{\gls{Canonical}}. \marginnote{Canonical is the company that provides financial and technical support for Ubuntu. It has employees based around the world who work on developing and improving the operating system, as well as reviewing work submitted by volunteer contributors. To learn more about Canonical, go to \url{http://www.canonical.com}.} Shuttleworth recognized the power of Linux and open source, but was also aware of weaknesses that prevented mainstream use.
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O Ubuntu foi idealizado em 2004 por \Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Mark Shuttleworth}, um empresário sul-africano bem sucedido, e sua empresa \Index[Canonical]{\gls{Canonical}}. \marginnote{A Canonical é a empresa que fornece, para o Ubuntu, apoio técnico e financeiro. Seus funcionários, espalhados pelo mundo, desenvolvem-no e trazem melhorias para o sistema operacional, bem como supervisionam os trabalhos enviados por colaboradores voluntários. Para saber mais sobre a Canonical, acesse \url{http://www.canonical.com}.} Shuttleworth reconheceu o poder do Linux e do código aberto, mesmo estando ciente dos pontos fracos que impediam seu uso no dia-a-dia.
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Translated by
JethroDawnfine
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Reviewed by
André Gondim
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Located in
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:49
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80.
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\Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Shuttleworth} set out with clear intentions to address these weaknesses and create a system that was easy to use, completely free (see \chaplink{ch:learning-more} for the complete definition of ``free''), and could compete with other mainstream operating systems. With the \Index{Debian} system as a base, \Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Shuttleworth} began to build Ubuntu. Using his own funds at first, installation \acronym{CD}s were pressed and shipped worldwide at no cost to the end user. Ubuntu spread quickly, the size of the community rapidly increased, and it soon became the most popular Linux \gls{distribution} available.
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\Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Shuttleworth} começou com claras intenções de eliminar esses pontos fracos e criar um sistema que fosse de fácil uso, totalmente livre (veja \chaplink{ch:learning-more} para uma completa definição de ``livre'), e que pudesse competir com os sistemas operacionais mais usados. Com o sistema \Index{Debian} como base, \Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Shuttleworth} começou a construir o Ubuntu. A princípio, usando de seu próprio capital, prensou e distribuiu \acronym{CD}s de instalação por todo o mundo a custo zero para o usuário final. O Ubuntu espalhou-se rapidamente, aumentando a comunidade de usuários, e logo tornando-se a \gls{distribution} Linux mais popular de todas as disponíves.
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Translated by
JethroDawnfine
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Reviewed by
André Gondim
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Located in
./prologue/prologue.tex
:53
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81.
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With more people working on the project than ever before, Ubuntu continues to see improvement to its core features and hardware support, and has gained the attention of large organizations worldwide. For example, in 2007, \Index{Dell} began a collaboration with \Index{Canonical} to sell computers with Ubuntu preinstalled. Additionally, in 2005, the French Police began to transition their entire computer infrastructure to a variant of Ubuntu\dash a process which has reportedly saved them ``millions of euros'' in licensing fees for Microsoft Windows. By the year 2012, the French Police anticipates that all of their computers will be running Ubuntu. \Index{Canonical} profits from this arrangement by providing technical support and custom-built software.
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Com cada vez mais pessoas trabalhando no projeto, o Ubuntu continua avançando, com melhorias em seus principais recursos e no suporte a hardware, e atraiu a atenção de grandes organizações no mundo inteiro. Por exemplo, em 2007, a \Index{Dell} iniciou uma parceria com a \Index{Canonical}, vendendo computadores com o Ubuntu pré-instalado. Além disso, em 2005, a polícia francesa começou uma transição de toda a sua infra-estrutura computacional para uma variante do Ubuntu\dash processo que, segundo a corporação, possibilitou uma economia de ``milhões de euros'' em licenças Microsoft. Até 2012 a polícia francesa antecipa que todos os seus computadores estarão rodando Ubuntu. A \Index{Canonical} ganha ao fornecer suporte técnico e softwares personalizados para o projeto.
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Translated by
JethroDawnfine
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André Gondim
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Located in
./prologue/prologue.tex
:55
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82.
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\marginnote{For information on Ubuntu Server Edition, and how you can use it in your company, visit \url{http://www.ubuntu.com/business/server/overview}.} While large organizations often find it useful to pay for support services, \Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Shuttleworth} has promised that the Ubuntu desktop system will always be free. As of 2010, Ubuntu is installed on nearly 2\% of the world's computers. This equates to millions of users worldwide, and is growing each year.
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\marginnote{Para informações sobre a versão Ubuntu Server Edition, e como utilizar em sua empresa, acesse \url{http://www.ubuntu.com/business/server/overview}.} Enquanto grandes organizações sempre procuram contratar serviços de suporte e pagar por isso, \Index[Shuttleworth, Mark]{Shuttleworth} prometeu que a versão Ubuntu para desktop sempre será gratuita. Em 2010, Ubuntu estava instalado em aproximadamente 2\% dos computadores no mundo. Isto equivale a milhões de usuarios e seu uso vem aumentando a cada ano.
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Translated and reviewed by
Rafael Neri
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Located in
./prologue/prologue.tex
:59
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83.
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Ubuntu!history of|)
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type: index{#1}
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Ubuntu!história de|)
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Translated by
Paulo de Lima Cavalcanti
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André Gondim
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Located in
./frontmatter/prologue.tex
:68
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84.
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What is Linux?
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type: subsection{#2}
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O que é Linux?
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Translated by
André Gondim
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André Gondim
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Located in
./frontmatter/prologue.tex
:76
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85.
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Linux|(
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type: index{#1}
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Linux|(
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Located in
./frontmatter/prologue.tex
:72
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86.
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Ubuntu is built on the foundation of Linux, which is a member of the \Index{Unix} family. \Index{Unix} is one of the oldest types of operating systems and has provided reliability and security in professional applications for almost half a century. Many servers around the world that store data for popular websites (such as YouTube and Google) run some variant of a \Index{Unix} system. The Linux \Index{kernel} is best described as the core, or almost the brain, of the operating system.
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Ubuntu é construído sobre a fundação do Linux, que é um membro da família \Index{Unix}. \Index{Unix} é um dos mais antigos tipos de sistemas operacionais e forneceu confiabilidade e segurança em aplicações profissionais por quase meio século. Muitos servidores em todo o mundo que armazenam dados de sites populares (como YouTube e Google) executam alguma variante de um sistema \Index{Unix}. O \Index{kernel} Linux é melhor descrito como o núcleo, ou quase o cérebro, do sistema operacional.
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André Gondim
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Located in
./frontmatter/prologue.tex
:68
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87.
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The Linux \Index{kernel} is the shift manager of the operating system; it is responsible for allocating memory and processor time. It can also be thought of as the program which manages any and all applications on the computer itself.
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O \Index{kernel} é o principal gerenciador do sistema operacional Linux; ele é responsável por alocar e gerenciar a memória e o processador do computador. Também pode-se dizer que é o programa responsável por gerenciar toda e qualquer aplicação do computador com o Linux instalado.
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Translated and reviewed by
Rafael Neri
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Located in
./prologue/prologue.tex
:65
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88.
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\marginnote{While modern graphical \glspl{desktop environment} have generally replaced early command-line interfaces, the command line can still be a quick and efficient way of performing many tasks. See \chaplink{ch:advanced-topics} for more information, and \chaplink{ch:the-ubuntu-desktop} to learn more about \gls{GNOME} and other desktop environments.} Linux was designed from the ground up with security and hardware compatibility in mind, and is currently one of the most popular \Index{Unix}-based operating systems. One of the benefits of Linux is that it is incredibly flexible and can be configured to run on almost any device\dash from the smallest micro-computers and cellphones to larger super-computers. \Index{Unix} was entirely command line--based until graphical user interfaces (\glspl{GUI}) began to emerge in the early 1990s.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
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:69
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