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Troubleshooting

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Resolving problems

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Sometimes, things simply do not work as they should. Luckily, problems encountered while working with Ubuntu are easily fixed. Below, we offer a guide to resolving basic problems that users may encounter while using Ubuntu. If you exhaust the troubleshooting advice below, see \seclink{sec:troubleshooting:getting-more-help} to learn about seeking support from the Ubuntu community.

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Troubleshooting guide

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The key to effective troubleshooting is to work slowly, methodically, and to document the changes that you make to your Ubuntu system throughout every step. This way, you will always be able to roll back your work \dash and give fellow users information about your previous attempts, in the unlikely event that you should need to turn to the community for support.

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Ubuntu fails to start after I've installed Windows

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Occasionally you may install Ubuntu and then decide to install Microsoft Windows as a second operating system running side-by-side with Ubuntu. While this is supported by Ubuntu, you might find that after installing Windows you will no longer be able to start Ubuntu.

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When you first turn on your computer, a program called a ``bootloader'' must start Ubuntu or another operating system. \marginnote{A \textbf{bootloader} is the initial software that loads the operating system when you turn on the computer.} When you installed Ubuntu, you installed an advanced bootloader called \textbf{\acronym{GRUB}} that allowed you to choose between the various operating systems on your computer, such as Ubuntu, Windows and others. However, when you installed Windows, it replaced \acronym{GRUB} with its own bootloader, thus removing the ability to choose which operating system you'd like to use. You can easily restore \acronym{GRUB} \dash and regain the ability to choose your operating system \dash by using the same \acronym{CD} you used to install Ubuntu.

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First, insert your Ubuntu \acronym{CD} into your computer and restart it, making sure to have your computer start the operating system that is on the \acronym{CD} itself (see \chaplink{ch:installation}). Next, choose your language and select \textbf{Try Ubuntu}. Wait while the software loads. You will need to type some commands to restore your bootloader. On the \textbf{Applications} menu, click \textbf{Accessories}, and then click the \textbf{Terminal} item. Enter the following:

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\prompt \userinput{sudo fdisk -l}