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161.
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<emphasis role="bold">Netmask</emphasis> The Subnet Mask (or simply, <emphasis>netmask</emphasis>) is a local bit mask, or set of flags which separate the portions of an IP address significant to the network from the bits significant to the <emphasis>subnetwork</emphasis>. For example, in a Class C network, the standard netmask is 255.255.255.0 which masks the first three bytes of the IP address and allows the last byte of the IP address to remain available for specifying hosts on the subnetwork.
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<emphasis role="bold">掩码</emphasis> 子网掩码 (或简称<emphasis>掩码</emphasis>) 是一个局部位掩码，或用指定的 <emphasis>子网掩码</emphasis> 来将IP 地址中的网络分隔出来的一组标识。举个例子，在 C 类网络中，标准的掩码是 255.255.255.0 屏蔽了 IP 地址的前三个字节，并允许 IP 地址的最后一个字节指定子网中的主机。
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:660(para)
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162.
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<emphasis role="bold">Network Address</emphasis> The Network Address represents the bytes comprising the network portion of an IP address. For example, the host 12.128.1.2 in a Class A network would use 12.0.0.0 as the network address, which uses twelve (12) to represent the first byte of the IP address, (the network part) and zeroes (0) in all of the remaining three bytes to represent the potential host values. Network hosts using the very common private and non-routable IP addresses such as 192.168.1.100 would in turn use a Network Address of 192.168.1.0, which specifies the first three bytes of the Class C 192.168.1 network and a zero (0) for all the possible hosts on the network.
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<emphasis role="bold">网络地址</emphasis> 网络地址表示包括IP 地址网络部分的字节。 例如， 一个 A 类网络的主机 12.128.1.2 将使用 12.0.0.0 作为网络地址，使用 12 来表示 IP 地址的第一个字节 (网络部分)， 余下的三个为 0 的字节表示可能的主机值的。网络主机使用象 192.168.1.100 这样非常普遍的不可路由的私有 IP 地址将使用 192.168.1.0 网络地址，用前三个字节来指定 C 类 192.168.1 网络，而用一个 0 来表示网络上所有可能的主机。
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
C/network-applications.xml:220(para)
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163.
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<emphasis role="bold">Broadcast Address</emphasis> The Broadcast Address is an IP address which allows network data to be sent simultaneously to all hosts on a given subnetwork rather than specifying a particular network host. The standard general broadcast address for IP networks is 255.255.255.255, but this broadcast address cannot be used to send a broadcast message to every host on the Internet because routers block it. A more appropriate broadcast address is set to match a specific subnetwork. For example, on the popular private Class C IP network, 192.168.1.0, the broadcast address should be configured as 192.168.1.255. Broadcast messages are typically produced by network protocols such as the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
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<emphasis role="bold">广播地址</emphasis> 广播地址是一个允许向给定子网中的所有主机而不是一台特定的网络主机同时发送网络数据的 IP 地址。一般标准 IP 网络的地址是 255.255.255.255，但这个广播地址不能用来为 Internet 网上的每台主机发送一个广播消息，因为路由器会阻止它。更适当的广播地址设置是匹配特定子网的。例如，在流行的私有 C 类 IP 网 192.168.1.0 中，广播地址应该设为 192.168.1.255。广播消息一般都是由网络协议产生的，如地址识别协议 (ARP) 和路由信息协议 (RIP)。
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
C/network-applications.xml:233(para)
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164.
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<emphasis role="bold">Gateway Address</emphasis> A Gateway Address is the IP address through which a particular network, or host on a network, may be reached. If one network host wishes to communicate with another network host, and that host is not located on the same network, then a <emphasis>gateway</emphasis> must be used. In many cases, the Gateway Address will be that of a router on the same network, which will in turn pass traffic on to other networks or hosts, such as Internet hosts. The value of the Gateway Address setting must be correct, or your system will not be able to reach any hosts beyond those on the same network.
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<emphasis role="bold">网关地址</emphasis> 网关地址是一个通过该地址可能会到达指定网络或网络主机的 IP 地址。如果一台网络主机希望与另一台网络主机通讯，而该机并不在同一网络中，而是要传输到另一个网络或主机上，如 Internet 主机。网关地址设置必须正确，否则您的系统将不能到达不在同一网络中的任何主机。
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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<emphasis role="bold">网关地址</emphasis> 网关地址是一个通过该地址可能会到达指定网络或网络主机的 IP 地址。如果一台网络主机希望与另一台网络主机通讯，而该机并不在同一网络中，就必须使用 <emphasis>网关</emphasis>。在很多情况下，网关地址会是同一个网络中的某台路由器，其会接着将网络流量输送到其它的网络或主机，如 Internet 主机。网关地址设置必须正确，否则您的系统将除了在同一个网络中的主机外不能到达任何其它主机。
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Suggested by
Ihnus Qcshz
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:697(para)
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165.
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<emphasis role="bold">Nameserver Address</emphasis> Nameserver Addresses represent the IP addresses of Domain Name Service (DNS) systems, which resolve network hostnames into IP addresses. There are three levels of Nameserver Addresses, which may be specified in order of precedence: The <emphasis>Primary</emphasis> Nameserver, the <emphasis>Secondary</emphasis> Nameserver, and the <emphasis>Tertiary</emphasis> Nameserver. In order for your system to be able to resolve network hostnames into their corresponding IP addresses, you must specify valid Nameserver Addresses which you are authorized to use in your system's TCP/IP configuration. In many cases these addresses can and will be provided by your network service provider, but many free and publicly accessible Nameservers are available for use, such as the Level3 (Verizon) servers with IP addresses from 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.6.
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<emphasis role="bold">名称服务器地址</emphasis> 名称服务器地址表示域名服务 (DNS) 系统的 IP 地址。该系统将网络主机名解析成 IP 地址。可以按顺序来指定三个不同优先级的名称服务器地址：<emphasis>主</emphasis> 名称服务器，<emphasis>次</emphasis> 名称服务器，和 <emphasis>第三</emphasis> 名称服务器。按顺序为您系统将网络主机名解析成相应的 IP 地址，你必须指定合法的名称服务器地址，该地址应该在您系统的 TCP/IP 配置中被授权使用。在许多情况下这些地址可以也应该被您的网络服务供应商提供，但也可以使用许多免费的、可供公众访问的名称服务器，如 IP 从 4.2.2.1 到 4.2.2.6 的 Level3 (Verizon) 服务器。
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
../generic/serverguide/C/network-config.xml:285(para)
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166.
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The IP address, Netmask, Network Address, Broadcast Address, and Gateway Address are typically specified via the appropriate directives in the file <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>. The Nameserver Addresses are typically specified via <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> directives in the file <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. For more information, view the system manual page for <filename>interfaces</filename> or <filename>resolv.conf</filename> respectively, with the following commands typed at a terminal prompt:
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IP 地址、掩码、网络地址、广播地址以及网关地址一般都是在文件 <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> 中通过相应的语句来指定的。名称服务器地址一般是在文件 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> 中通过 <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> 语句来指定的。更多详情，请分别查阅 <filename>interfaces</filename> 或 <filename>resolv.conf</filename> 的系统手册页。
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:722(para)
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167.
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Access the system manual page for <filename>interfaces</filename> with the following command:
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查阅 <filename>interfaces</filename> 系统手册页，可用以下命令：
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:729(para)
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168.
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man interfaces
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man interfaces
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:734(command)
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169.
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Access the system manual page for <filename>resolv.conf</filename> with the following command:
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查阅 <filename>resolv.conf</filename> 系统手册页，用以下命令：
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:737(para)
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170.
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man resolv.conf
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man resolv.conf
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Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
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Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:741(command)
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