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260.

Every application has a menuing system where different actions can be executed in an application (like \menu{File}, \menu{Edit}, \menu{View}, etc.); the menuing system for an application is appropriately called the \menu{application menu}. By default in \application{Unity}, the application menu isn't on the title bar of the application as is commonly the case in other \acronym{GUI} environments. \marginnote{Note that some older applications may still display their menu within the application window.} Instead, it is located to the left area of the menu bar. To show an application's menu, just move your mouse to the desktop's menu bar (at the top of the screen). While your mouse is positioned here, the active application's menu options will appear in the desktop's menu bar, allowing you to use the application's menuing options. When clicking on the desktop, the desktop's menu bar reappears. This capability in \application{Unity} to display the application's menu only when needed is especially beneficial for netbook and laptop users with limited viewable screen space. Apple uses a similar approach in \acronym{OS~X} where all application menus appear on a bar at the top of the screen. It differs, however, in that the menus in Ubuntu appear only when the mouse is over the desktop's menu bar.

261.

Note that Unity now has locally integrated menus. Locally integrated menus are displayed in the title bar of unmaximized windows, instead of the top panel. As the default Unity menu, locally integrated menus are displayed on mouse over and there's no option to make the menus permanently visible. Locally integrated menus can be enabled via \menu{Session Indicator \then System Settings \then Appearance \then Behavior \then Show the menus for a window \then in the window's title bar}.

272.

Applications that are currently running will have one or more triangles on the left side of the icon indicating the number of application windows open for this application. Running applications also have a back-lit icon on the Launcher. \marginnote{Some also refer to an application in the foreground as being \emph{in focus}.}\marginscreenshot{02-Launcher-triangles.png}{ss:Launcher-items}{The triangles on each side of the Firefox icon indicate Firefox is in the foreground and only one window is associated with Firefox at this time.} The application in the foreground (\ie, the application that is on top of all other open application windows) is indicated by a single white triangle on the right side of its icon.

282.

\marginnote{For more information about the Dash and its lenses, see: \url{https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity}.} The Dash helps you quickly find applications and files on your computer. If you've used Windows in the past, you'll find the Dash to be similar to the Windows Start menu or the Start Screen in Windows 8. Apple \acronym{OS X} users will find the Dash similar to Launchpad in the dock. If you've used a previous version of Ubuntu or another \acronym{GNOME} Linux distribution, the Dash serves as a replacement for the various \acronym{GNOME}~2 menus. The Dash allows you to search for information, both locally (installed applications, recent files, bookmarks, etc.) as well as remotely (Twitter, Google Docs, etc.).

297.

In addition to searching your local computer for applications and files, the Dash will also search various online resources (\eg, Amazon.com). Results pertinent to your search criteria are returned to you in the Dash. If you are concerned about local search terms being sent over the Internet, you can disable this feature in the \menu{Privacy} section of the \application{System Settings}.

298.

The online search results within the Dash are turned on by default during installation. If you do not want external search results, go to \menu{System Settings \then Privacy \then Search Results} and set the ``Include online search results'' switch to the \button{Off} position. As an added layer of privacy, you can also prevent any search activity from being recorded.

301.

Workspaces are also known as virtual desktops. These separate views of your desktop allow you to group applications together, and by doing so, help to reduce clutter and improve desktop navigation. For example, you can open all of your media applications in one workspace, your office suite in another, and your web browser in a third workspace. Ubuntu has four workspaces by default.

302.

The workspaces feature is not activated by default in Ubuntu. To activate workspaces, click on \menu{Session Indicator \then System Settings\ldots \then Appearance} then click on the \menu{Behavior} tab and click on the \menu{Enable workspaces} box. When this box is checked, you'll notice another icon is added to the bottom of the Launcher that looks like a window pane. This is the \application{workspaces switcher}.

304.

If you've activated the \application{workspace switcher} as described above, you can switch between workspaces by clicking on the \application{workspace switcher} icon located on the Launcher. This utility allows you to toggle through the workspaces (whether they contain open applications or not) and choose the one you want to use.

308.

When opening a program in Ubuntu (such as a web browser or a text editor\dash see \chaplink{ch:default-applications} for more information on using applications)\dash a \emph{window} will appear on your desktop. The windows seen in Ubuntu are very similar to those in Microsoft Windows or Apple \acronym{OS X}. Simply stated, a window is the box that appears on your screen when you start a program. In Ubuntu, the top part of a window (the \emph{title bar}) will have the name of the application to the left (most often, the title will be the same as the application's name). A window will also have three buttons in the top-left corner. From left to right, these buttons represent \emph{close} window, \emph{minimize} window, and \emph{maximize} window. Other window management options are available by right-clicking anywhere on the title bar.