Browsing Portuguese translation

65.

For more detailed information on using Unity and the Ubuntu desktop, see the ``Ubuntu Desktop Guide,'' which can be obtained in the following ways:

66.

in the Dash, type yelp;

67.

in the desktop menubar, click \menu{Help \then Help with Ubuntu}; or

68.

go to \url{https://help.ubuntu.com}, \menu{Ubuntu 11.10 \then Ubuntu Desktop Help}.

69.

The Internet is also an excellent resource. For example, on \url{https://help.ubuntu.com} you will find documentation on installing and using Ubuntu, and at the Ubuntu Forums (ubuntuforums.org) you find answers to many Ubuntu related questions. \marginnote{More information about Ubuntu's online and system documentation can be found in \chaplink{ch:learning-more}. Popular forums for Ubuntu discussion and support are the Ubuntu Forums, \url{http://ubuntuforums.org}, and Askubuntu at \url{http://askubuntu.com}.}

85.

Ubuntu was conceived in 2004 by Mark Shuttleworth, a successful South African entrepreneur, and his company \Index[Canonical]{\gls{Canonical}}. \marginnote{Canonical is the company that provides financial and technical support for Ubuntu. It has employees based around the world who work on developing and improving the operating system, as well as reviewing work submitted by volunteer contributors. To learn more about Canonical, go to \url{http://www.canonical.com}.} Shuttleworth recognized the power of Linux and open source, but was also aware of weaknesses that prevented mainstream use.

86.

Shuttleworth set out with clear intentions to address these weaknesses and create a system that was easy to use, completely free (see \chaplink{ch:learning-more} for the complete definition of ``free''), and could compete with other mainstream operating systems. With the \Index{Debian} system as a base,\marginnote{Debian is the Linux operating system that Ubuntu is based upon. For more information visit \url{http://www.debian.org/}.} Shuttleworth began to build Ubuntu. Using his own funds at first, installation \acronym{CD}s were pressed and shipped worldwide at no cost to the end user. Ubuntu spread quickly, the size of the community rapidly increased, and it soon became the most popular Linux \gls{distribution} available.

87.

With more people working on the project than ever before, Ubuntu continues to see improvement to its core features and hardware support, and has gained the attention of large organizations worldwide. One of IBM's open source operating systems is based on Ubuntu. Additionally, in 2005, the French Police began to transition their entire computer infrastructure to a variant of Ubuntu\dash a process which has reportedly saved them ``millions of euros'' in licensing fees for Microsoft Windows. By the year 2012, the French Police anticipates that all of their computers will be running Ubuntu. \Index{Canonical} profits from this arrangement by providing technical support and custom-built software.

88.

\marginnote{For information on Ubuntu Server Edition, and how you can use it in your company, visit \url{http://www.ubuntu.com/business/server/overview}.} While large organizations often find it useful to pay for support services, Shuttleworth has promised that the Ubuntu desktop system will always be free. As of 2011, Ubuntu is installed on an estimated 2\% of the world's computers. This equates to millions of users worldwide, and is growing each year. Because of a lack of registration, the percentage of Ubuntu users should be treated as an estimate.

94.

\marginnote{While modern graphical \glspl{desktop environment} have generally replaced early command-line interfaces, the command line can still be a quick and efficient way of performing many tasks. See \chaplink{ch:advanced-topics} for more information, and \chaplink{ch:the-ubuntu-desktop} to learn more about \gls{GNOME} and other desktop environments.} Linux was designed from the ground up with security and hardware compatibility in mind, and is currently one of the most popular \Index{Unix}-based operating systems. One of the benefits of Linux is that it is incredibly flexible and can be configured to run on almost any device\dash from the smallest micro-computers and cellphones to larger super-computers. \Index{Unix} was entirely command line-based until graphical user interfaces (\glspl{GUI}) began to emerge in the early 1990s.