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411.
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The van der Waals radius of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere which can be used to model the atom for many purposes. Van der Waals radii are determined from measurements of atomic spacing between pairs of unbonded atoms in crystals.
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i18n: file: data/knowledge.xml:258
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原子的范德华半径其实是将原子模拟成的硬球体的半径，这种模拟可以解释相当多的问题。范德华半径是对晶体中一对相邻的未成键的原子的距离进行测量后确定的。
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Translated by
yuanjiayj
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Reviewed by
yjjart
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Located in
rc.cpp:2447
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412.
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The atomic radius is the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outmost stable electron orbital in a atom that is at equilibrium.
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i18n: file: data/knowledge.xml:267
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原子半径是平衡状态下原子核到最外层电子轨道的距离。
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Translated by
yuanjiayj
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Reviewed by
yjjart
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Located in
rc.cpp:2457
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413.
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The covalent radius in chemistry corresponds to half of the distance between two identical atomic nuclei, bound by a covalent bond.
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i18n: file: data/knowledge.xml:276
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共价半径是以共价键相连的两个相同的原子之间的距离的一半。
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Translated by
Jonathan Riddell
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Located in
rc.cpp:2467
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414.
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Watchglass
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:5
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表面皿
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Translated by
yuanjiayj
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Reviewed by
yjjart
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Located in
rc.cpp:2475
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415.
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Watchglasses are round glass panes with a diameter of around 5 - 10cm, used in various experimental techniques. The border is bent upwards to allow the watchglass to hold small amounts of liquids in order to let them evaporate. The evaporation can be accelerated by heating the watchglass with a Bunsen burner. Watchglasses can also be used to cover Petri dishes or beakers, and are also suited to weighing small amounts of matter or drying them in an airing cupboard. The term watchglass is derived from the former pocket watches' protection glass which was often domed.
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:6
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表面皿是直径在5-10厘米的圆形玻璃片，可以用在许多实验中。表面皿呈凹型，于是可以在其上放少量的液体令其蒸发。也可以在表面皿下用本生灯(煤气灯)加热以加快其蒸发。表面皿也可以作为培养皿或是烧杯的盖子。此外表面皿也适合对少量物质称重或者使少量物质在通风橱中阴干。表面皿的创意来源于旧式的怀表的玻璃保护层。
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Translated by
Jonathan Riddell
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Located in
rc.cpp:2477
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416.
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Dehydrator
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:10
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干燥器
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Translated by
yuanjiayj
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Reviewed by
yjjart
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Located in
rc.cpp:2479
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417.
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A dehydrator is a piece of laboratory apparatus, often made of glass, and which serves to dry chemical matters; that is, to remove water or liquid from a sample. 
[tab][tab][tab]In principle it is a glass bowl with cap that has a planar grinding, so that the bowl is air-tight. The dehydrator's lower part is ordinarily filled with a drying agent such as calcium chloride, silica gel, phosphoric anhydride or sulphuric acid. The sample to be dried is placed on a diaphanous cartridge of plastic or ceramic above the drying agent.
[tab][tab][tab]The drying agent is hygroscopic, which means that it dehumidifies its environment by absorbing water vapor. The dry atmosphere then takes up water from the sample to be dried. |
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:13
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[tab] represents a tab character.
Please write it exactly the same way, [tab], in your
translation.
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represents a line break.
Start a new line in the equivalent position in the translation.
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干燥器是一种实验室设备，它常用玻璃制造用以于干燥化学物质，即去除样品中的水分或液体。
[tab][tab][tab]实际上它就是一个大的带盖的玻璃碗状物，盖子与干燥器的接触处常常是磨砂的并常涂点凡士林上去，以便于密封。干燥器的底部常装有干燥剂，如无水氯化钙，硅胶，磷酸酐或者浓硫酸等。样品常放置在塑料制或陶制的夹板上，夹板则固定在干燥剂的上方。
[tab][tab][tab]干燥剂是吸湿的，它可通过吸收环境中的水蒸气而使环境保护干燥。而干燥的环境则可以带走样品中的水份。 |
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Translated by
Jonathan Riddell
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Located in
rc.cpp:2481
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418.
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Spatula
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:17
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刮铲
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Translated by
yuanjiayj
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Reviewed by
Jonathan Riddell
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Located in
rc.cpp:2485
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419.
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The spatula is a laboratory tool to scrape off, grind, and transport chemicals. The material they are made of (e.g. iron, titanium, platinum) and their design (e.g. flat spatula or spoon spatula) varies.
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:18
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刮铲是一种实验室工具，用于刮去、研压和取用化学品。它可以由很多材料(如铁，钛，铂等)制作，它们的形状也不同(例如有板状的刮铲也有调羹状的)。
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Translated by
Jonathan Riddell
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Located in
rc.cpp:2487
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420.
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Water Jet Pump
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i18n: file: data/tools.xml:22
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水冲泵
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Translated by
Jeroen T. Vermeulen
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Located in
rc.cpp:2489
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