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11.
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The most important concept to grasp is the Debian packaging system. In essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the control of the packaging system. These include: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>/usr</filename> (excluding <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (you could make <filename>/var/local</filename> and be safe in there) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> For instance, if you replace <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>, that will work, but then if you upgrade your <classname>perl</classname> package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get around this by putting packages on <quote>hold</quote> in <command>aptitude</command>.
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Tag: para
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要掌握的最重要概念是 Debian 的软件包系统。事实上，您系统的绝大部分都应该由软件包系统来控制。包括：<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>/usr</filename> (除了 <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (您可以创建 <filename>/var/local</filename>，在那里面进行安全的操作) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> 例如，假设您替换了 <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>，它可以正常工作，但以后升级您的 <classname>perl</classname> 软件包，那里的文件将被替换。有经验的用户可以在 <command>aptitude</command> 里面将软件包设置为 <quote>hold</quote>状态，以避免这种情况。
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Ji YongGang
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Located in
post-install.xml:89
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12.
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One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command line version <command>apt-get</command> or full-screen text version <application>aptitude</application>. Note apt will also let you merge main, contrib, and non-free so you can have export-restricted packages as well as standard versions.
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Tag: para
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apt 是最好的安装方法之一。您可以使用命令行模式的 <command>apt-get</command> 或者全屏幕文本模式的 <application>aptitude</application>。注意，apt 还可以让您合并 main、contrib 和 non-free，从而使您可以像使用标准版本那样使用具有出口限制的软件包。
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Located in
post-install.xml:130
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13.
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Application Version Management
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Tag: title
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应用程序版本管理
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Located in
post-install.xml:141
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14.
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Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the update-alternatives man page.
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Tag: para
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可选版本的应用程序可以通过 update-alternatives 来管理。如果您维护着应用程序的多个版本，请阅读 update-alternatives 的 man 手册。
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Located in
post-install.xml:142
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15.
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Cron Job Management
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Tag: title
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定时任务管理
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Located in
post-install.xml:152
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16.
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Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in <filename>/etc</filename>, since they are configuration files. If you have a root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in <filename>/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename>. These are invoked from <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, and will run in alphabetic order, which serializes them.
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Tag: para
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任何系统管理员权限内的任务都必须位于 <filename>/etc</filename> 内，这是因为它们都是配置文件。如果您有一些需要以管理员身份每天(daily)、每周(weekly)或每月(monthly)运行的定时任务，请将它们放置在 <filename>/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename> 中。它们将在 <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> 中被激活，然后按照文件名的字典顺序依次运行。
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Located in
post-install.xml:153
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17.
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On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a special user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you can use either <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, or, better yet, <filename>/etc/cron.d/whatever</filename>. These particular files also have an extra field that allows you to stipulate the user account under which the cron job runs.
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Tag: para
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另一方面，如果您有某个定时任务 (a) 需要以某个特定的用户身份运行，或者 (b) 需要在某个特定时刻或以特定周期运行，您可以使用 <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>，或者更好的 <filename>/etc/cron.d/whatever</filename>。这些特殊的文件可以包含一个额外的域，允许您指定运行该定时任务的用户帐户。
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Located in
post-install.xml:162
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18.
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In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more information see cron(8), crontab(5), and <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/README.Debian</filename>.
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Tag: para
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在任何情况下，您只需编辑这些文件，cron 将会自动处理它们。没有必要再运行某个特殊的命令。欲了解更多的信息，请参阅 cron(8)、crontab(5) 和 <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/README.Debian</filename>。
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Located in
post-install.xml:171
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19.
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Further Reading and Information
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Tag: title
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更多信息
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Located in
post-install.xml:186
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20.
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If you need information about a particular program, you should first try <userinput>man <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>, or <userinput>info <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>.
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如果您想查阅某个程序的更详细资料，应该先试试 <userinput>man <replaceable>程序名称</replaceable></userinput>，或者 <userinput>info <replaceable>程序名称</replaceable></userinput>。
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Located in
post-install.xml:187
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