Browsing Esperanto translation

329.

Returns the context of the current subroutine call.

Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR,
returns "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information
can be used to provide a stack trace.

The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the
current one; the top frame is frame 0.

330.

Change the current directory to DIR. The variable $HOME is the
default DIR. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for
the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH
are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name is the same as
the current directory, i.e. `.'. If DIR begins with a slash (/),
then CDPATH is not used. If the directory is not found, and the
shell option `cdable_vars' is set, then try the word as a variable
name. If that variable has a value, then cd to the value of that
variable. The -P option says to use the physical directory structure
instead of following symbolic links; the -L option forces symbolic links
to be followed.

332.

No effect; the command does nothing. A zero exit code is returned.

334.

Return an unsuccessful result.

336.

Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no NAMEs are
given, then display the values of variables instead. The -p option
will display the attributes and values of each NAME.

The flags are:

-a[tab]to make NAMEs arrays (if supported)
-f[tab]to select from among function names only
-F[tab]to display function names (and line number and source file name if
[tab]debugging) without definitions
-i[tab]to make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute
-r[tab]to make NAMEs readonly
-t[tab]to make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute
-x[tab]to make NAMEs export

Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see
`let') done when the variable is assigned to.

When displaying values of variables, -f displays a function's name
and definition. The -F option restricts the display to function
name only.

Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute instead. When
used in a function, makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command.

339.

Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is
suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the
following backslash-escaped characters is turned on:
[tab]\a[tab]alert (bell)
[tab]\b[tab]backspace
[tab]\c[tab]suppress trailing newline
[tab]\E[tab]escape character
[tab]\f[tab]form feed
[tab]\n[tab]new line
[tab]\r[tab]carriage return
[tab]\t[tab]horizontal tab
[tab]\v[tab]vertical tab
[tab]\\[tab]backslash
[tab]\0nnn[tab]the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be
[tab][tab]0 to 3 octal digits

You can explicitly turn off the interpretation of the above characters
with the -E option.

343.

Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.

OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter
is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,
which should be separated from it by white space.

Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the
shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and
the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell
variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or
a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.

getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character
of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In
this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is
seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a
required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and
sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in
silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into
NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?'
is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is
printed.

If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the
printing of error messages, even if the first character of
OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default.

Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if
more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.

345.

Exit the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status
is that of the last command executed.

347.

fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.
FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a
string, which means the most recent command beginning with that
string.

-e ENAME selects which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,
then vi.

-l means list lines instead of editing.
-n means no line numbers listed.
-r means reverse the order of the lines (making it newest listed first).

With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, the command is
re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.

A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'
runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes
the last command.

348.

Place JOB_SPEC in the foreground, and make it the current job. If
JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is
used.