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164.

You may also want your site to respond to www.ubunturocks.com, since many users will assume the www prefix is appropriate. Use the <emphasis>ServerAlias</emphasis> directive for this. You may also use wildcards in the ServerAlias directive. For example, <command>ServerAlias *.ubunturocks.com</command> will cause your site to respond to any domain request ending in .ubunturocks.com.

165.

The <emphasis>ServerName</emphasis> directive is optional and specifies what FQDN your site should answer to. The default virtual host has no ServerName directive specified, so it will respond to all requests that do not match a ServerName directive in another virtual host. If you have just acquired the domain name ubunturocks.com and wish to host it on your Ubuntu server, the value of the ServerName directive in your virtual host configuration file should be ubunturocks.com. Add this directive to the new virtual host file you created earlier (<filename>/etc/apache2/sites-available/mynewsite</filename>). <placeholder-1/>

166.

The <emphasis>DocumentRoot</emphasis> directive specifies where Apache should look for the files that make up the site. The default value is /var/www. No site is configured there, but if you uncomment the <emphasis>RedirectMatch</emphasis> directive in <filename>/etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename> requests will be redirected to /var/www/apache2-default where the default Apache2 site awaits. Change this value in your site's virtual host file, and remember to create that directory if necessary!

167.

The /etc/apache2/sites-available directory is <emphasis role="bold"> not</emphasis> parsed by Apache2. Symbolic links in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled point to "available" sites. Use the a2ensite (Apache2 Enable Site) utility to create those symbolic links, like so: <command>sudo a2ensite mynewsite</command> where your site's configuration file is <filename> /etc/apache2/sites-available/mynewsite</filename>. Similarly, the a2dissite utility should be used to disable sites.

168.

Default Settings

169.

This section explains configuration of the Apache2 server default settings. For example, if you add a virtual host, the settings you configure for the virtual host take precedence for that virtual host. For a directive not defined within the virtual host settings, the default value is used.

170.

The <emphasis>DirectoryIndex</emphasis> is the default page served by the server when a user requests an index of a directory by specifying a forward slash (/) at the end of the directory name.

171.

For example, when a user requests the page http://www.example.com/this_directory/, he or she will get either the DirectoryIndex page if it exists, a server-generated directory list if it does not and the Indexes option is specified, or a Permission Denied page if neither is true. The server will try to find one of the files listed in the DirectoryIndex directive and will return the first one it finds. If it does not find any of these files and if Options Indexes is set for that directory, the server will generate and return a list, in HTML format, of the subdirectories and files in the directory. The default value, found in <filename>/etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename> is " index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml". Thus, if Apache2 finds a file in a requested directory matching any of these names, the first will be displayed.

172.

The <emphasis>ErrorDocument</emphasis> directive allows you to specify a file for Apache to use for specific error events. For example, if a user requests a resource that does not exist, a 404 error will occur, and per Apache2's default configuration, the file <filename>/usr/share/apache2/error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var </filename> will be displayed. That file is not in the server's DocumentRoot, but there is an Alias directive in <filename>/etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename> that redirects requests to the /error directory to /usr/share/apache2/error/. To see a list of the default ErrorDocument directives, use this command: <command>grep ErrorDocument /etc/apache2/apache2.conf</command>

173.

By default, the server writes the transfer log to the file /var/log/apache2/access.log. You can change this on a per-site basis in your virtual host configuration files with the <emphasis>CustomLog</emphasis> directive, or omit it to accept the default, specified in <filename> /etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename>. You may also specify the file to which errors are logged, via the <emphasis>ErrorLog</emphasis> directive, whose default is <filename>/var/log/apache2/error.log</filename>. These are kept separate from the transfer logs to aid in troubleshooting problems with your Apache2 server. You may also specify the <emphasis>LogLevel</emphasis> (the default value is "warn") and the <emphasis>LogFormat</emphasis> (see <filename> /etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename> for the default value).