Browsing Chinese (Hong Kong) translation

47.

<application>APT</application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a powerful package management system, on which the graphical programs <application>Add/Remove Programs</application> and <application>Adept</application> are based. <application>APT</application> automatically handles dependencies and performs other operations on system packages to allow the installation of the desired packages.

59.

Although the preferred method of installing programs is via the package managers described in <xref linkend="add-applications"/>, you can also download and install individual package files containing software. There are many different kinds of Linux package files. Most of these are associated with the package managers of specific Linux distributions.

60.

If you find a packaged application that you wish to install, it is recommended that you check if there is a native Kubuntu package of the application available through a package manager, and that you install that version instead. This guarantees that the program is completely compatible with your system. If there is no package available through the package manager, you can install it manually. The installation procedure depends on the type of package file.

62.

The package files associated with Kubuntu have the <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> suffix because of Kubuntu's close relation to the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. You can download and install individual <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> files. You will need administrative privileges to do this.

63.

To install a .deb file, simply <mousebutton>Left</mousebutton> click on the .deb file to initiate the installation process. You will be prompted for your password in order to gain the necessary privileges.

65.

Another type of package files is Red Hat Package Manager Files which have the <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis> suffix. It is not recommended to install these on an Kubuntu system. In almost all cases, a native Kubuntu <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package is available. However, if absolutely necessary, an <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis> file can be converted to a <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package using the program <application>alien</application>.

67.

Open <application>Adept Manager</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Adept Manager - Manage Packages</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

74.

Open <application>Konsole</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

76.

For more information on <application>alien</application>, type <userinput>man
alien</userinput> at the command prompt. When complete, press <keycap>q</keycap>.

78.

Files with the <emphasis>.tar.gz</emphasis> or <emphasis>.tar.bz2</emphasis> suffix are package files known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> or <emphasis>source</emphasis> packages which are widely used in Linux. If there is no native Kubuntu package available in any of the Kubuntu repositories, you can try to compile the package from source. For tips on compiling software, look at the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware">Compiling Software</ulink> page on the Ubuntu Wiki.