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396.

Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

491.

Change the shell working directory.

Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the
HOME shell variable.

The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing
DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).
A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins
with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.

If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,
the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,
its value is used for DIR.

Options:
-L[tab]force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in
[tab]DIR after processing instances of `..'
-P[tab]use the physical directory structure without following symbolic
[tab]links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances
[tab]of `..'
-e[tab]if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory
[tab]cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status
-@ on systems that support it, present a file with extended attributes
as a directory containing the file attributes

The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
`..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.

Exit Status:
Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
-P is used; non-zero otherwise.

497.

Set variable values and attributes.

Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given,
display the attributes and values of all variables.

Options:
-f[tab]restrict action or display to function names and definitions
-F[tab]restrict display to function names only (plus line number and
[tab]source file when debugging)
-g[tab]create global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise
[tab]ignored
-p[tab]display the attributes and value of each NAME

Options which set attributes:
-a[tab]to make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)
-A[tab]to make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)
-i[tab]to make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute
-l[tab]to convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment
-n[tab]make NAME a reference to the variable named by its value
-r[tab]to make NAMEs readonly
-t[tab]to make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute
-u[tab]to convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment
-x[tab]to make NAMEs export

Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.

Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see
the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.

When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'
command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable
assignment error occurs.

500.

Write arguments to the standard output.

Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a
newline, on the standard output.

Options:
-n[tab]do not append a newline
-e[tab]enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes
-E[tab]explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes

`echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:
\a[tab]alert (bell)
\b[tab]backspace
\c[tab]suppress further output
\e[tab]escape character
\E[tab]escape character
\f[tab]form feed
\n[tab]new line
\r[tab]carriage return
\t[tab]horizontal tab
\v[tab]vertical tab
\\[tab]backslash
\0nnn[tab]the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be
[tab]0 to 3 octal digits
\xHH[tab]the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH
[tab]can be one or two hex digits

Exit Status:
Returns success unless a write error occurs.

511.

Remember or display program locations.

Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If
no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.

Options:
-d[tab][tab]forget the remembered location of each NAME
-l[tab][tab]display in a format that may be reused as input
-p pathname[tab]use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME
-r[tab][tab]forget all remembered locations
-t[tab][tab]print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding
[tab][tab]each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple
[tab][tab]NAMEs are given
Arguments:
NAME[tab][tab]Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list
[tab][tab]of remembered commands.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given.

512.

Display information about builtin commands.

Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,
otherwise the list of help topics is printed.

Options:
-d[tab]output short description for each topic
-m[tab]display usage in pseudo-manpage format
-s[tab]output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching
[tab]PATTERN

Arguments:
PATTERN[tab]Pattern specifiying a help topic

Exit Status:
Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given.

514.

Display status of jobs.

Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job.
Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed.

Options:
-l[tab]lists process IDs in addition to the normal information
-n[tab]lists only processes that have changed status since the last
[tab]notification
-p[tab]lists process IDs only
-r[tab]restrict output to running jobs
-s[tab]restrict output to stopped jobs

If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that
appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's
process group leader.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.
If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND.

515.

Remove jobs from current shell.

Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without
any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.

Options:
-a[tab]remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied
-h[tab]mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the
[tab]shell receives a SIGHUP
-r[tab]remove only running jobs

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given.

516.

Send a signal to a job.

Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by
SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then
SIGTERM is assumed.

Options:
-s sig[tab]SIG is a signal name
-n sig[tab]SIG is a signal number
-l[tab]list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are
[tab]assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed

Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used
instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit
on processes that you can create is reached.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.

518.

Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.

Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD
if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word
splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second
word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to
the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word
delimiters.

If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.

Options:
-a array[tab]assign the words read to sequential indices of the array
[tab][tab]variable ARRAY, starting at zero
-d delim[tab]continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather
[tab][tab]than newline
-e[tab][tab]use Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell
-i text[tab]Use TEXT as the initial text for Readline
-n nchars[tab]return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting
[tab][tab]for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS
[tab][tab]characters are read before the delimiter
-N nchars[tab]return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless
[tab][tab]EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter
-p prompt[tab]output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before
[tab][tab]attempting to read
-r[tab][tab]do not allow backslashes to escape any characters
-s[tab][tab]do not echo input coming from a terminal
-t timeout[tab]time out and return failure if a complete line of input is
[tab][tab]not read within TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT
[tab][tab]variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a
[tab][tab]fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns immediately,
[tab][tab]without trying to read any data, returning success only if
[tab][tab]input is available on the specified file descriptor. The
[tab][tab]exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded
-u fd[tab][tab]read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input

Exit Status:
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out
(in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,
or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.