Translations by Aleksey Kabanov

To close a window, click on the close button (\closebutton{}) in the upper-left corner of the window\dash the first button on the left-hand side. The button immediately to the right of the close button is the \gls{minimize} button (\minimizebutton{}) which removes the window from the visible screen and places it in the Launcher. \marginscreenshot{02-window-buttons.png}{ss:window-buttons}{This is the top bar of a window, named \emph{title bar}. The close, minimize, and maximize buttons are in the top-left corner of the window.} This button doesn't close the application; it just hides the application from view. When an application is minimized to the Launcher, the left-side of the icon in the Launcher will display a triangle showing you the application is still running. Clicking the icon of the minimized application will restore the window to its original position. Finally, the right-most button is the \gls{maximize} button (\maximizebutton{}) which causes the application to completely fill the unused displayable space on the desktop. Clicking the \gls{maximize} button again will return the window to its original size. If a window is maximized, its top-left buttons and menu are automatically hidden from view. To make them appear, just move your mouse to the \emph{menu bar}.

[toolbar] On the right side of the toolbar, there are five buttons: \button{Search} (represented by a magnifying glass), \button{View items as a grid}, \button{View items as a list}, \button{View options} (represented by a down arrow), and \button{Location options} (represented by a cog); clicking on the \button{Search} icon opens a field so you can search for a file or folder by name. Clicking on the options buttons \button{Location options} or \button{View options} opens a menu with options. On the left side of the toolbar, you will see a representation of your current browsing. This is similar to the history function in most web browsers; it keeps track of where you are and allows you to backtrack if necessary. You can click on any of the locations to navigate back through the file browser. The buttons \button{Previous location} and {Next location} allow you to navigate through previously visited locations.

To close a window, click on the close button (\closebutton{}) in the upper-left corner of the window\dash the first button on the left-hand side. The button immediately to the right of the close button is the \gls{minimize} button (\minimizebutton{}) which removes the window from the visible screen and places it in the Launcher. \marginscreenshot{02-window-buttons.png}{ss:window-buttons}{This is the top bar of a window, named \emph{title bar}. The close, minimize, and maximize buttons are in the top-left corner of the window.} This button doesn't close the application; it just hides the application from view. When an application is minimized to the Launcher, the left-side of the icon in the Launcher will display a triangle showing you the application is still running. Clicking the icon of the minimized application will restore the window to its original position. Finally, the right-most button is the \gls{maximize} button (\maximizebutton{}) which causes the application to completely fill the unused displayable space on the desktop. Clicking the \gls{maximize} button again will return the window to its original size. If a window is maximized, its top-left buttons and menu are automatically hidden from view. To make them appear, just move your mouse to the \emph{menu bar}.

This menu also allows you to view technical details about your current connection or edit all connection settings. In the image to the right, you will see a check mark next to ``Enable Networking.'' Deselect ``Enable Networking'' to disable all network connections. Select ``Enable Networking'' to enable networking again. This can be very useful when you are required to turn off all wireless communications, like in an airplane.

[toolbar] On the right side of the toolbar, there are five buttons: \button{Search} (represented by a magnifying glass), \button{View items as a grid}, \button{View items as a list}, \button{View options} (represented by a down arrow), and \button{Location options} (represented by a cog); clicking on the \button{Search} icon opens a field so you can search for a file or folder by name. Clicking on the options buttons \button{Location options} or \button{View options} opens a menu with options. On the left side of the toolbar, you will see a representation of your current browsing. This is similar to the history function in most web browsers; it keeps track of where you are and allows you to backtrack if necessary. You can click on any of the locations to navigate back through the file browser. The buttons \button{Previous location} and {Next location} allow you to navigate through previously visited locations.

Every application has a menuing system where different actions can be executed in an application (like \menu{File}, \menu{Edit}, \menu{View}, etc.); the menuing system for an application is appropriately called the \menu{application menu}. In \application{Unity}, the application menu isn't on the title bar of the application as is commonly the case in other \acronym{GUI} environments. \marginnote{Note that some older applications may still display their menu within the application window.} Instead, it is located to the left area of the menu bar. To show an application's menu, just move your mouse to the desktop's menu bar (at the top of the screen). While your mouse is positioned here, the active application's menu options will appear in the desktop's menu bar, allowing you to use the application's menuing options. When clicking on the desktop, the desktop's menu bar reappears. This capability in \application{Unity} to display the application's menu only when needed is especially beneficial for netbook and laptop users with limited viewable screen space. Apple uses a similar approach in \acronym{OS~X} where all application menus appear on a bar at the top of the screen. It differs, however, in that the menus in Ubuntu appear only when the mouse is over the desktop's menu bar.

The menu bar incorporates common functions used in Ubuntu. The icons on the far-right of the menu bar are located in an area of the menu bar called the \emph{indicator area}, or \emph{notification area}. Each installation of Ubuntu may contain slightly different types and quantities of icons based on a number of factors, including the type of hardware and available on-board peripherals upon which the Ubuntu installation is based. Some programs add an icon to the indicator area automatically during installation (\eg, Ubuntu One). The most common indicators are: \marginnote{For more about: \begin{itemize} \item the \application{Ubuntu One indicator} see \seclink{sec:ubuntu-one} on page~\pageref{sec:ubuntu-one}; \item the \application{Messaging indicator} see \seclink{sec:instant-messaging} on page~\pageref{sec:instant-messaging}; \item the \application{Network indicator} see \seclink{sec:getting-online} on page~\pageref{sec:getting-online}; \item the \application{Session indicator} see \seclink{sec:session-options} on page~\pageref{sec:session-options}. \end{itemize}}

.NET Framework 2.0\textsuperscript{*} \marginnote{\textsuperscript{*} This framework has known issues running under Wine and is, in most cases, installable and stable enough to use for most applications.}

.NET Framework 4.5\textsuperscript{*}

\dash Authors Coordinator

Like with any other operating system, Ubuntu has a built-in help reference called the \application{Ubuntu Desktop Guide}. \screenshot{02-built-in-help.png}{ss:built-in-help}{The built-in system help provides topic-based help for Ubuntu.}To access it, click on the Dash and type \userinput{Help}. Alternatively, you can press \keystroke{F1} while on the desktop, or select \button{Ubuntu Help} from the \menu{Help} menu in the menu bar. Many applications have their own help section which can be accessed by clicking the \menu{Help} menu within the application window.

If you can't find an answer to your question in this manual or in the \application{Ubuntu Desktop Guide}, you can contact the Ubuntu community through the Ubuntu Forums (\url{http://ubuntuforums.org}).

[Ubuntu One indicator \textup{(\indicatoricon{ubuntuone})}] allows you to backup files online and share files with your friends, family, and coworkers.

Here you can see the currently active connection is ``Wired connection 1.''

.NET Framework 3.0\textsuperscript{*}

Ubuntu will now finish installing on your hard drive. As the installation progresses, a slideshow will give you an introduction to some of the default applications included with Ubuntu. These applications are covered in more detail in \chaplink{ch:default-applications}. The slideshow will also highlight the Ubuntu support options:

To set or check your screen resolution, go to \menu{System Settings \then Displays}. The \window{Displays} window detects automatically the type of display and shows your display's name, size. The screen resolution and refresh rate is set to the recommended value by Ubuntu. If the recommended settings are not to your liking, you can change the same from the \dropdown{Resolution} drop-down to the resolution of your choice.

To connect to a wireless network, select the desired network by clicking on its name within the list. This will be the name that was used during the installation of the wireless router or access point. Most \acronym{ISP}s (Internet service providers) provide pre-configured routers with a sticker on them detailing the current wireless network name and password. Most publicly accessible wireless networks will be easily identifiable by the name used for the wireless network \dash for example ``Starbucks-Wireless.''

A wireless network can be open to anyone, or it can be protected with a password. A small padlock will be displayed by the signal bar if any wireless network within range are password-protected. You will need to know the correct password in order to connect to these secured wireless networks.

There are numerous ways to install software on an operating system. In Ubuntu, the quickest and easiest way to find and install new applications is through the \application{Ubuntu Software Center}.

name={\acronym{CLI}}, description={\acronym{CLI} or command-line interface is another name for the \gls{terminal}.}

name={desktop environment}, description={A generic term to describe a \acronym{GUI} interface for humans to interact with computers. There are many desktop environments such as Unity, \acronym{GNOME}, \acronym{KDE}, \acronym{XFCE} and \acronym{LXDE}, to name a few.}

name={Live \acronym{DVD}}, description={A Live \acronym{DVD} allows you to try out an operating system before you actually install it, this is useful for testing your hardware, diagnosing problems and recovering your system.}

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Ubuntu Manual Project

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution--Share Alike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, see \hyperref[ch:license]{\appendixname}~\ref{ch:license}, visit \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/}, or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.

\textit{\plaintitle} can be downloaded for free from \url{http://ubuntu-manual.org/} or purchased from \url{\printurl}. A printed copy of this book can be ordered for the price of printing and delivery. We permit and even encourage you to distribute a copy of this book to colleagues, friends, family, and anyone else who might be interested.

Welcome to \emph{Getting Started with Ubuntu}, an introductory guide written to help new users get started with Ubuntu.

Our goal is to cover the basics of Ubuntu (such as installation and working with the desktop) as well as hardware and software management, working with the command line, and security. We designed this guide to be simple to follow, with step-by-step instructions and plenty of screenshots, allowing you to discover the potential of your new Ubuntu system.

For more detailed information on any aspect of the Ubuntu desktop, see the ``Ubuntu Desktop Guide,'' which can be obtained in any of the following ways:

in the Dash, type \userinput{help}.

in the indicator area, click \menu{Session indicator \then Ubuntu Help}.

There are also many excellent resources available on the Internet. For example, on \url{https://help.ubuntu.com} you will find documentation on installing and using Ubuntu. At the Ubuntu Forums (\url{http://ubuntuforums.org}) and Ask Ubuntu (\url{http://askubuntu.com}), you will find answers to many Ubuntu-related questions. \marginnote{You can find more information about Ubuntu's online and system documentation in \chaplink{ch:learning-more}.}

If something isn't covered in this manual, chances are you will find the information you are looking for in one of those locations. We will try our best to include links to more detailed help wherever we can.

Ubuntu!philosophy of

Ubuntu!definition of

The term ``Ubuntu'' is a traditional African concept originating from the Bantu languages of southern Africa. \marginnote{People sometimes wonder how to pronounce \emph{Ubuntu}. Each \emph{u} is pronounced the same as in the word \emph{put} except for the last \emph{u} which is pronounced the same as in the word \emph{due}.} It can be described as a way of connecting with others\dash living in a global community where your actions affect all of humanity. Ubuntu is more than just an operating system: it is a community of people coming together voluntarily to collaborate on an international software project that aims to deliver the best possible user experience.

Ubuntu will always be free of charge, along with its regular enterprise releases and security updates.

Ubuntu's core applications are all free and open source. We want you to use free and open source software, improve it, and pass it on.