Translations by Mohammad Taghizadeh

name={Access Point}, description={A device that allows for a wireless connection to a local network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.}

name={applet}, description={A small program that runs in a \gls{panel}. Applets provide useful functions such as starting a program, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu of an application.}

name={\acronym{CLI}}, description={\acronym{CLI} or command-line interface is another name for the \gls{terminal}.}

name={\acronym{DHCP}}, description={\acronym{DHCP} stands for \emph{Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol}, it is used by a \acronym{DHCP} \gls{server} to assign computers on a network an \acronym{IP} address automatically.}

name={dialup connection}, description={A dialup connection is when your computer uses a modem to connect to an \gls{ISP} through your telephone line.}

name={distribution}, description={A distribution is a collection of software that is already compiled and configured ready to be installed. Ubuntu is an example of a distribution.}

name={dual-booting}, description={Dual-booting is the process of being able to choose one of two different operating systems currently installed on a computer from the boot menu. Once selected, your computer will boot into whichever operating system you chose at the boot menu. The term dual-booting is often used generically, and may refer to booting among more than two operating systems.}

name={encryption}, description={Encryption is a security measure, it prevents others from accessing and viewing the contents of your files and/or hard drives, the files must first be decrypted with your password.}

name={Ethernet port}, description={An Ethernet port is what an Ethernet cable is plugged into when you are using a \gls{wired connection}.}

name={\acronym{GUI}}, description={The \acronym{GUI} (which stands for Graphical User Interface) is a type of user interface that allows humans to interact with the computer using graphics and images rather than just text.}

name={\acronym{ISP}}, description={\acronym{ISP} stands for \emph{Internet Service Provider}, an \acronym{ISP} is a company that provides you with your Internet connection.}

name={kernel}, description={A kernel is the central portion of a Unix-based operating system, responsible for running applications, processes, and providing security for the core components.}

name={Live \acronym{DVD}}, description={A Live \acronym{DVD} allows you to try out an operating system before you actually install it, this is useful for testing your hardware, diagnosing problems and recovering your system.}

name={\acronym{LTS}}, description={\acronym{LTS} stands for long-term support and is a type of Ubuntu release that is officially supported for far longer than the standard releases.}

name={maximize}, description={When you maximize an application in Ubuntu it will fill the whole desktop, excluding the panels.}

name={minimize}, description={When you minimize an open application, the window will no longer be shown. If you click on a minimized application's icon in the Launcher, it will be restored to its normal state and allow you to interact with it.}

name={notification area}, description={The notification area is an applet on the panel that provides you with all sorts of information such as volume control, the current song playing in Rhythmbox, your Internet connection status and email status.}

name={output}, description={The output of a command is any text it displays on the next line after typing a command and pressing enter, \eg, if you type \commandlineapp{pwd} into a terminal and press \keystroke{Enter}, the directory name it displays on the next line is the output.}

name={package}, description={Packages contain software in a ready-to-install format. Most of the time you can use the \gls{Software Center} instead of manually installing packages. Packages have a \texttt{.deb} extension in Ubuntu.}

name={panel}, description={A panel is a bar that sits on the edge of your screen. It contains \glspl{applet} which provide useful functions such as running programs, viewing the time, or accessing the main menu.}

name={parameter}, description={Parameters are special options that you can use with other commands in the terminal to make that command behave differently, this can make a lot of commands far more useful.}

name={partition}, description={A partition is an area of allocated space on a hard drive where you can put data.}

name={partitioning}, description={Partitioning is the process of creating a \gls{partition}.}

name={\acronym{PPA}}, description={A personal package archive (\acronym{PPA}) is a custom software repository that typically contains either packages that aren't available in the primary Ubuntu repositories or newer versions of packages that are available in the primary repositories.}, plural={\acronym{PPA}s}

name={prompt}, description={The prompt displays some useful information about your computer. It can be customized to display in different colors, display the time, date, and current directory or almost anything else you like.}

name={proprietary}, description={Software made by companies that don't release their source code under an open source license.}

name={router}, description={A router is a specially designed computer that, using its software and hardware, routes information from the Internet to a network. It is also sometimes called a gateway.}

name={server}, description={A server is a computer that runs a specialized operating system and provides services to computers that connect to it and make a request.}

name={shell}, description={The \gls{terminal} gives access to the shell, when you type a command into the terminal and press enter the shell takes that command and performs the relevant action.}

name={Software Center}, description={The Software Center is where you can easily manage software installation and removal as well as the ability to manage software installed via Personal Package Archives.}

name={Synaptic Package Manager}, description={Synaptic Package Manager is a tool that, instead of listing applications (like the Software Center) lists individual packages that can then be installed, removed and fixed.}

name={terminal}, description={The terminal is Ubuntu's text-based interface. It is a method of controlling the operating system using only commands entered via the keyboard as opposed to using a \gls{GUI} like Unity.}

name={\acronym{USB}}, description={Universal Serial Bus is a standard interface specification for connecting peripheral hardware devices to computers. \acronym{USB} devices range from external hard drives to scanners and printers.}

name={wired connection}, description={A wired connection is when your computer is physically connected to a \gls{router} or \gls{Ethernet port} with a cable. This is the most common method of connecting to the Internet and local network for desktop computers.}

name={wireless connection}, description={A network connection that uses a wireless signal to communicate with either a \gls{router}, access point, or computer.}

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\plaintitle is a comprehensive beginner's guide designed for the Ubuntu operating system. It is written under an open source license and is free for you to download, read, modify, and share. This manual will help you become familiar with everyday tasks such as surfing the web, listening to music, and scanning documents. With an emphasis on easy-to-follow instructions, it is suitable for all levels of experience.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution--Share Alike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, see \hyperref[ch:license]{\appendixname}~\ref{ch:license}, visit \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/}, or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.

\textit{\plaintitle} can be downloaded for free from \url{http://ubuntu-manual.org/} or purchased from \url{\printurl}. A printed copy of this book can be ordered for the price of printing and delivery. We permit and even encourage you to distribute a copy of this book to colleagues, friends, family, and anyone else who might be interested.