Translations by ZhongHan Cai

\newglossaryentry{desktop environment}{name={desktop environment}, description={A generic term to describe a \acronym{GUI} interface for humans to interact with computers. There are many desktop environments such as \acronym{GNOME}, \acronym{KDE}, \acronym{XFCE} and \acronym{LXDE} just to name a few.}}

\newglossaryentry{DHCP}{name={\acronym{DHCP}}, description={\acronym{DHCP} stands for \emph{Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol}, it is used by a \acronym{DHCP} \gls{server} to assign computers on a network an \acronym{IP} address automatically.}}

\newglossaryentry{distribution}{name={distribution}, description={A \gls{distribution} is a collection of software that is already compiled and configured ready to be installed. Ubuntu is an example of a distribution.}}

\newglossaryentry{GNOME}{name={\acronym{GNOME}}, description={\acronym{GNOME} (which once stood for \acronym{GNU} Network Object Model Environment) is the default desktop environment used in Ubuntu.}}

\newglossaryentry{ISP}{name={\acronym{ISP}}, description={\acronym{ISP} stands for \emph{Internet Service Provider}, an \acronym{ISP} is a company that provides you with your Internet connection.}}

\newglossaryentry{Live CD}{name={Live CD}, description={A \gls{Live CD} allows you to try out an operating system before you actually install it, this is useful for testing your hardware, diagnosing problems and recovering your system.}}

\newglossaryentry{minimize}{name={minimize}, description={When you minimize an open application, the window will no longer be shown. If you click on a minimized application's panel button, it will then be restored to its normal state and allow you to interact with it.}}

\newglossaryentry{notification area}{name={notification area}, description={The notification area is an applet on the panel that provides you with all sorts of information such as volume control, the current song playing in Rhythmbox, your Internet connection status and email status.}}

\newglossaryentry{package}{name={package}, description={Packages contain software in a ready-to-install format. Most of the time you can use the \gls{Software Center} instead of manually installing packages. Packages have a .deb extension in Ubuntu.}}

\newglossaryentry{partition}{name={partition}, description={A partition is an area of allocated space on a hard drive where you can put data.}}

\newglossaryentry{partitioning}{name={partitioning}, description={\gls{partitioning} is the process of creating a \gls{partition}.}}

\newglossaryentry{proprietary}{name={proprietary}, description={Software made by companies that don't release their source code under an open source license.}}

\newglossaryentry{router}{name={router}, description={A router is a specially designed computer that using its software and hardware, routes information from the Internet to a network. It is also sometimes called a gateway.}}

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution--Share Alike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, see \hyperref[ch:license]{Appendix~}\ref{ch:license}, visit \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/}, or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.

\url{http://ubuntu-manual.org}

Second Edition

Ubuntu!philosophy of|(

Ubuntu!definition of

Ubuntu!philosophy of|)

Ubuntu's core applications are all free and open source. We want you to use free and open source software, improve it, and pass it on.

Ubuntu!history of|(

Ubuntu!history of|)

Linux|(

Ubuntu is built on the foundation of Linux, which is a member of the \Index{Unix} family. \Index{Unix} is one of the oldest types of operating systems and has provided reliability and security in professional applications for almost half a century. Many servers around the world that store data for popular websites (such as YouTube and Google) run some variant of a \Index{Unix} system. The Linux \Index{kernel} is best described as the core, or almost the brain, of the operating system.

Linux|)

Many people have contributed their time to this project. If you notice any errors or think we have left something out, feel free to contact us. We do everything we can to make sure that this manual is up to date, informative, and professional. Our contact details are as follows:

Button names, menu items, and other \acronym{GUI} elements are set in \textbf{boldfaced type}.

system requirements|(

system requirements|)

Ubuntu!downloading|)

This option is selected by default, as it will prevent unauthorized people from accessing your computer without knowing the password you created earlier. This is a good option for those who, for example, share their computer with other family members. Once the installation process has been completed, an additional login account can be created for each family member. Each person will then have their own login name and password, account preferences, Internet bookmarks, and personal storage space.

The Ubuntu Desktop

All \acronym{GUI}-based operating systems use a \emph{desktop environment}. Desktop environments encompass many things, such as:

If you've deleted a file by accident, you may be able to recover it from Ubuntu's trash folder. This is a special folder where Ubuntu stores deleted files before they are permanently removed from your computer.

Mythbuntu allows users to turn their computers into entertainment systems. It helps users organize and view various types of multimedia content such as movies, television shows, and video podcasts. Users with \acronym{TV} tuners in their computers can also use Mythbuntu to record live video and television shows.