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53.

For example, when a user requests the page http://www.example.com/this_directory/, he or she will get either the DirectoryIndex page if it exists, a server-generated directory list if it does not and the Indexes option is specified, or a Permission Denied page if neither is true. The server will try to find one of the files listed in the DirectoryIndex directive and will return the first one it finds. If it does not find any of these files and if <emphasis>Options Indexes</emphasis> is set for that directory, the server will generate and return a list, in HTML format, of the subdirectories and files in the directory. The default value, found in <filename>/etc/apache2/mods-available/dir.conf</filename> is "index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm". Thus, if Apache2 finds a file in a requested directory matching any of these names, the first will be displayed.

54.

The <emphasis>ErrorDocument</emphasis> directive allows you to specify a file for Apache2 to use for specific error events. For example, if a user requests a resource that does not exist, a 404 error will occur. By default, Apache2 will simply return a HTTP 404 Return code. Read <filename>/etc/apache2/conf-available/localized-error-pages.conf</filename> for detailed instructions for using ErrorDocument, including locations of example files.

55.

By default, the server writes the transfer log to the file <filename>/var/log/apache2/access.log</filename>. You can change this on a per-site basis in your virtual host configuration files with the <emphasis>CustomLog</emphasis> directive, or omit it to accept the default, specified in <filename> /etc/apache2/conf-available/other-vhosts-access-log.conf</filename>. You may also specify the file to which errors are logged, via the <emphasis>ErrorLog</emphasis> directive, whose default is <filename>/var/log/apache2/error.log</filename>. These are kept separate from the transfer logs to aid in troubleshooting problems with your Apache2 server. You may also specify the <emphasis>LogLevel</emphasis> (the default value is "warn") and the <emphasis>LogFormat</emphasis> (see <filename> /etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename> for the default value).

56.

Some options are specified on a per-directory basis rather than per-server. <emphasis>Options</emphasis> is one of these directives. A Directory stanza is enclosed in XML-like tags, like so:

57.

&lt;Directory /var/www/html/mynewsite&gt;
...
&lt;/Directory&gt;

58.

The <emphasis>Options</emphasis> directive within a Directory stanza accepts one or more of the following values (among others), separated by spaces:

59.

Most files should not be executed as CGI scripts. This would be very dangerous. CGI scripts should kept in a directory separate from and outside your DocumentRoot, and only this directory should have the ExecCGI option set. This is the default, and the default location for CGI scripts is <filename>/usr/lib/cgi-bin</filename>.

60.

<emphasis role="bold">ExecCGI</emphasis> - Allow execution of CGI scripts. CGI scripts are not executed if this option is not chosen. <placeholder-1/>

61.

<emphasis role="bold">Includes</emphasis> - Allow server-side includes. Server-side includes allow an HTML file to <emphasis> include</emphasis> other files. See <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ServerSideIncludes">Apache SSI documentation (Ubuntu community)</ulink> for more information.

62.

<emphasis role="bold">IncludesNOEXEC</emphasis> - Allow server-side includes, but disable the <emphasis>#exec</emphasis> and <emphasis>#include</emphasis> commands in CGI scripts.