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4.

Apache is the most commonly used Web server on Linux systems. Web servers are used to serve Web pages requested by client computers. Clients typically request and view Web pages using Web browser applications such as <application>Firefox</application>, <application>Opera</application>, <application>Chromium</application>, or <application>Internet Explorer</application>.

31.

This section explains Apache2 server essential configuration parameters. Refer to the <ulink url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/">Apache2 Documentation</ulink> for more details.

32.

Apache2 ships with a virtual-host-friendly default configuration. That is, it is configured with a single default virtual host (using the <emphasis>VirtualHost</emphasis> directive) which can be modified or used as-is if you have a single site, or used as a template for additional virtual hosts if you have multiple sites. If left alone, the default virtual host will serve as your default site, or the site users will see if the URL they enter does not match the <emphasis>ServerName</emphasis> directive of any of your custom sites. To modify the default virtual host, edit the file <filename>/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf</filename>.

39.

The <emphasis>ServerName</emphasis> directive is optional and specifies what FQDN your site should answer to. The default virtual host has no ServerName directive specified, so it will respond to all requests that do not match a ServerName directive in another virtual host. If you have just acquired the domain name ubunturocks.com and wish to host it on your Ubuntu server, the value of the ServerName directive in your virtual host configuration file should be ubunturocks.com. Add this directive to the new virtual host file you created earlier (<filename>/etc/apache2/sites-available/mynewsite.conf</filename>).

43.

The <emphasis>DocumentRoot</emphasis> directive specifies where Apache2 should look for the files that make up the site. The default value is /var/www/html, as specified in <filename>/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf</filename>. If desired, change this value in your site's virtual host file, and remember to create that directory if necessary!

54.

The <emphasis>ErrorDocument</emphasis> directive allows you to specify a file for Apache2 to use for specific error events. For example, if a user requests a resource that does not exist, a 404 error will occur. By default, Apache2 will simply return a HTTP 404 Return code. Read <filename>/etc/apache2/conf-available/localized-error-pages.conf</filename> for detailed instructions for using ErrorDocument, including locations of example files.

55.

By default, the server writes the transfer log to the file <filename>/var/log/apache2/access.log</filename>. You can change this on a per-site basis in your virtual host configuration files with the <emphasis>CustomLog</emphasis> directive, or omit it to accept the default, specified in <filename> /etc/apache2/conf-available/other-vhosts-access-log.conf</filename>. You may also specify the file to which errors are logged, via the <emphasis>ErrorLog</emphasis> directive, whose default is <filename>/var/log/apache2/error.log</filename>. These are kept separate from the transfer logs to aid in troubleshooting problems with your Apache2 server. You may also specify the <emphasis>LogLevel</emphasis> (the default value is "warn") and the <emphasis>LogFormat</emphasis> (see <filename> /etc/apache2/apache2.conf</filename> for the default value).

65.

<emphasis role="bold">Multiview</emphasis> - Support content-negotiated multiviews; this option is disabled by default for security reasons. See the <ulink url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_negotiation.html#multiviews">Apache2 documentation on this option</ulink>.

77.

You can install additional Apache2 modules and use them with your Web server. For example, run the following command at a terminal prompt to install the <emphasis>MySQL Authentication</emphasis> module:

86.

The <application>mod_ssl</application> module is available in <application>apache2-common</application> package. Execute the following command at a terminal prompt to enable the <application>mod_ssl</application> module: