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107.

<application>Lazarus</application> is a free and open source development tool for the <trademark>Free Pascal</trademark> compiler, which is also free and open source. The <application>Lazarus</application><abbrev>IDE</abbrev> is a stable and feature-rich programming environment for creating stand-alone graphical and console applications. <application>Lazarus</application> currently runs on <trademark>Linux</trademark>, <trademark>Mac OS X</trademark> and <trademark>Win32</trademark>, and provides a customizable source editor and visual form creation environment, along with a package manager, debugger. and complete <acronym>GUI</acronym> integration with the <trademark>Free Pascal</trademark> compiler.

109.

<trademark>Free Pascal</trademark> is designed to be able to understand and compile <trademark>Delphi</trademark> syntax, which is object-oriented programming. <application>Lazarus</application> will allow you to develop <trademark>Delphi</trademark>-like programs on all of the supported platforms. Once you write your code, you can link it against the <abbrev>API</abbrev> widget set of your choice. The project is named <application>Lazarus</application> because it was started/raised from the death of the <application>Megido</application> project. <application>Pascal</application> was invented as a language to teach programming to beginners, so it is very structured and safe to keep them from making mistakes that can plague newcomers learning less restrictive languages like <trademark>C</trademark> or <trademark>C++</trademark>. The <acronym>GUI</acronym> widgets include double-gradient skins on buttons and other controls. <placeholder-1/>

112.

<application>MIT/GNU Scheme</application> is an implementation of the <trademark>Scheme</trademark> programming language, providing an interpreter, compiler, source-code debugger, integrated <application>Emacs</application>-like editor, and a large run-time library. It is best suited to programming large applications with a rapid development cycle. <application>MIT/GNU Scheme</application> is at version 9.1.1 and is under the <abbrev>GPL</abbrev>.

114.

The <abbrev>MIT</abbrev> home page of the <trademark>Scheme</trademark> language is <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/mit-scheme/">here</ulink>. <trademark>Scheme</trademark> is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the <trademark>Lisp</trademark> programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele, Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman. It was designed to have exceptionally clear and simple semantics and a few different ways to form expressions. A wide variety of programming paradigms mdash; including imperative, functional, and message passing styles &mdash; find convenient expression in <trademark>Scheme</trademark>. <placeholder-1/>

117.

<application>Monkey Studio</application> (<application><abbrev>MkS</abbrev></application>) is a cross platform <abbrev>IDE</abbrev> written in <trademark>C++</trademark>/<trademark>Qt</trademark> 4. Its primary goal was to be a <trademark>Qt</trademark> 4 only <abbrev>IDE</abbrev>, but it evolved beyond <trademark>Qt</trademark> development to support any kind of project. The current version is the v2 branch which succeeded the v1 branch and is dependent on <trademark>Qt</trademark> 4.4.0 or greater. It supports <trademark>Qt</trademark> 4 project management and embeds <application>Designer</application> and <application>Assistant</application> to form a complete, fast, and powerful <trademark>Qt</trademark> 4 <abbrev>IDE</abbrev>.

122.

<application>MonoDevelop</application> is an <abbrev>IDE</abbrev> primarily designed for <trademark>C#</trademark> and other <trademark>.NET</trademark> languages. <application>MonoDevelop</application> enables developers to quickly write desktop and <trademark>ASP.NET</trademark> Web applications on <trademark>Linux</trademark>, <trademark>Windows</trademark>, and <trademark>Mac OS X</trademark>. <application>MonoDevelop</application> makes it easy for developers to port <trademark>.NET</trademark> applications created with <application>Visual Studio</application> to <trademark>Linux</trademark> and to maintain a single code base for all platforms. It brings a clone of <trademark>Microsoft</trademark>'s <trademark>.NET</trademark><abbrev>API</abbrev> to the <trademark>Linux</trademark> desktop. It is at version 2.8. The <application>MonoDevelop</application> core is licensed under the <abbrev>LGPL</abbrev> v2, though much of the code and add-ins are licensed under the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php"><abbrev>MIT</abbrev>/<abbrev>.X11</abbrev></ulink> license.

123.

<application>MonoDevelop</application> does not contain a visual designer, so <trademark>C#</trademark> bindings to the <acronym>GUI</acronym> designer components of <trademark>GTK+</trademark> were created to allow for the creation of graphical user interfaces. These bindings are collectively called "<abbrev>GTK#</abbrev>" or <abbrev>GTK</abbrev> Sharp. The parts of <trademark>.NET</trademark> which are legally allowed in <application>Mono</application> are defined in the <ulink url="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-334.htm"><trademark>ECMA</trademark> 334</ulink>, which covers the <trademark>C#</trademark> specifications, and the <ulink url="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-335.htm"><trademark>ECMA</trademark> 335</ulink> standard, which covers the <abbrev>CLI</abbrev> specifications. A license must be obtained from <trademark>Microsoft</trademark> to use the tools described in these two standards to create a commercial application.

128.

<trademark>Microsoft</trademark> expanded on its <trademark>ECMA</trademark> offerings with a <ulink url="http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/community-promise/default.aspx"><quote>Community Promise</quote></ulink>(<abbrev>CP</abbrev>), which adds several technologies to those listed in <trademark>ECMA</trademark> 334 and 335. Some specifications include special terms, which are are noted. The <abbrev>CP</abbrev> applies to anyone who is building software and/or hardware to implement one or more of those specifications. The <abbrev>CP</abbrev> does not apply to any work that you do beyond the scope of the covered specifications.

129.

In specified cases (such as those in which the specifications have uses that exceed those needed to achieve the interoperability needs for which the release under the <abbrev>CP</abbrev> is being made), the <abbrev>CP</abbrev> may have special terms concerning the kinds of implementations that are covered. <emphasis><trademark>Microsoft</trademark> is the sole adjudicator</emphasis> in determining if an application conforms to the <trademark>ECMA</trademark> and <abbrev>CP</abbrev> or not, and commercial applications built using <application>Mono</application> may require a license from <trademark>Microsoft</trademark>. It would be prudent to consult an attorney specializing in Intellectual Property Rights and contact <trademark>Microsoft</trademark> for specific information before beginning development.

132.

<application>NetBeans</application><abbrev>IDE</abbrev> 6.9 is an award-winning integrated development environment available for <trademark>Windows</trademark>, <trademark>Mac</trademark>, and <trademark>Linux</trademark>. The <application>NetBeans</application> project consists of a free, open-source <abbrev>IDE</abbrev> and an application platform that enables developers to rapidly create web, enterprise, desktop, and mobile applications using the <trademark>Java</trademark> platform as well as <trademark>JavaFX</trademark>, <abbrev>PHP</abbrev>, <trademark>JavaScript</trademark>, <application>Ajax</application>, <trademark>Ruby</trademark>, <trademark>Ruby on Rails</trademark>, <trademark>Groovy</trademark>, <application>Grails</application>, and <trademark>C</trademark>/<trademark>C++</trademark>. <application>NetBeans</application><abbrev>IDE</abbrev> 6.9 introduces the <trademark>JavaFX</trademark><application>Composer</application>, support for <trademark>JavaFX</trademark><abbrev>SDK</abbrev> 1.3, <trademark>OSGi</trademark> interoperability, the <abbrev>PHP</abbrev><trademark>Zend</trademark> framework, <trademark>Ruby on Rails</trademark> 3.0, and more. Like most modern <abbrev>IDE</abbrev>s, it extends its capabilities by using the plugin paradigm, and because of its long period of development and large number of users who contributed to its development, there are hundreds of plugins available.