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523.

Execute commands for each member in a list.

The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a
list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is
assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and
the COMMANDS are executed.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

524.

Arithmetic for loop.

Equivalent to
[tab](( EXP1 ))
[tab]while (( EXP2 )); do
[tab][tab]COMMANDS
[tab][tab](( EXP3 ))
[tab]done
EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is
omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

525.

Select words from a list and execute commands.

The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The
set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each
preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"'
is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read
from the standard input. If the line consists of the number
corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set
to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are
redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other
value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved
in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection
until a break command is executed.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

526.

Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.

Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,
and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.

Options:
-p[tab]print the timing summary in the portable Posix format

The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format.

Exit Status:
The return status is the return status of PIPELINE.

527.

Execute commands based on pattern matching.

Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The
`|' is used to separate multiple patterns.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

528.

Execute commands based on conditional.

The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the
`then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is
executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding
`then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,
the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the
entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero
if no condition tested true.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

529.

Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.

Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
`while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

530.

Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.

Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
`until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.

Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed.

531.

Create a coprocess named NAME.

Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard
input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned
to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.
The default NAME is "COPROC".

Exit Status:
Returns the exit status of COMMAND.

532.

Define shell function.

Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,
NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,
the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's
name is in $FUNCNAME.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless NAME is readonly.