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497.

Move jobs to the background.

Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they
had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion
of the current job is used.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.

498.

Remember or display program locations.

Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If
no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.

Options:
-d[tab][tab]forget the remembered location of each NAME
-l[tab][tab]display in a format that may be reused as input
-p pathname[tab]use PATHNAME is the full pathname of NAME
-r[tab][tab]forget all remembered locations
-t[tab][tab]print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding
[tab][tab]each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple
[tab][tab]NAMEs are given
Arguments:
NAME[tab][tab]Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list
[tab][tab]of remembered commands.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given.

499.

Display information about builtin commands.

Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,
otherwise the list of help topics is printed.

Options:
-d[tab]output short description for each topic
-m[tab]display usage in pseudo-manpage format
-s[tab]output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching
[tab]PATTERN

Arguments:
PATTERN[tab]Pattern specifiying a help topic

Exit Status:
Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given.

500.

Display or manipulate the history list.

Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified
entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries.

Options:
-c[tab]clear the history list by deleting all of the entries
-d offset[tab]delete the history entry at offset OFFSET.

-a[tab]append history lines from this session to the history file
-n[tab]read all history lines not already read from the history file
-r[tab]read the history file and append the contents to the history
[tab]list
-w[tab]write the current history to the history file
[tab]and append them to the history list

-p[tab]perform history expansion on each ARG and display the result
[tab]without storing it in the history list
-s[tab]append the ARGs to the history list as a single entry

If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,
if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.

If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used
as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated
with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.

501.

Display status of jobs.

Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job.
Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed.

Options:
-l[tab]lists process IDs in addition to the normal information
-n[tab]list only processes that have changed status since the last
[tab]notification
-p[tab]lists process IDs only
-r[tab]restrict output to running jobs
-s[tab]restrict output to stopped jobs

If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that
appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's
process group leader.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.
If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND.

502.

Remove jobs from current shell.

Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without
any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.

Options:
-a[tab]remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied
-h[tab]mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the
[tab]shell receives a SIGHUP
-r[tab]remove only running jobs

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given.

503.

Send a signal to a job.

Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by
SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then
SIGTERM is assumed.

Options:
-s sig[tab]SIG is a signal name
-n sig[tab]SIG is a signal number
-l[tab]list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are
[tab]assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed

Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used
instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit
on processes that you can create is reached.

Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.

504.

Evaluate arithmetic expressions.

Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in
fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0
is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is
grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed
in order of decreasing precedence.

[tab]id++, id--[tab]variable post-increment, post-decrement
[tab]++id, --id[tab]variable pre-increment, pre-decrement
[tab]-, +[tab][tab]unary minus, plus
[tab]!, ~[tab][tab]logical and bitwise negation
[tab]**[tab][tab]exponentiation
[tab]*, /, %[tab][tab]multiplication, division, remainder
[tab]+, -[tab][tab]addition, subtraction
[tab]<<, >>[tab][tab]left and right bitwise shifts
[tab]<=, >=, <, >[tab]comparison
[tab]==, !=[tab][tab]equality, inequality
[tab]&[tab][tab]bitwise AND
[tab]^[tab][tab]bitwise XOR
[tab]|[tab][tab]bitwise OR
[tab]&&[tab][tab]logical AND
[tab]||[tab][tab]logical OR
[tab]expr ? expr : expr
[tab][tab][tab]conditional operator
[tab]=, *=, /=, %=,
[tab]+=, -=, <<=, >>=,
[tab]&=, ^=, |=[tab]assignment

Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable
is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within
an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute
turned on to be used in an expression.

Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
rules above.

Exit Status:
If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.

505.

Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.

Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD
if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word
splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second
word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to
the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word
delimiters.

If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.

Options:
-a array[tab]assign the words read to sequential indices of the array
[tab][tab]variable ARRAY, starting at zero
-d delim[tab]continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather
[tab][tab]than newline
-e[tab][tab]use Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell
-i text[tab]Use TEXT as the initial text for Readline
-n nchars[tab]return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting
[tab][tab]for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS
[tab][tab]characters are read before the delimiter
-N nchars[tab]return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless
[tab][tab]EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter
-p prompt[tab]output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before
[tab][tab]attempting to read
-r[tab][tab]do not allow backslashes to escape any characters
-s[tab][tab]do not echo input coming from a terminal
-t timeout[tab]time out and return failure if a complete line of input is
[tab][tab]not read withint TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT
[tab][tab]variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a
[tab][tab]fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns success only
[tab][tab]if input is available on the specified file descriptor. The
[tab][tab]exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded
-u fd[tab][tab]read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input

Exit Status:
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out,
or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.

506.

Return from a shell function.

Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value
specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the
last command executed within the function or script.

Exit Status:
Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script.