Translations by Lie Ex

These bottles are used for many purposes. In most laboratories they are usually filled with water, salt, acid or other commonly used fluids. They make it easy to apply the fluid if you do not need to measure a precise amount.

A pipette bulb is used to fill pipettes. It produces a negative pressure which makes the fluid go into the pipette. If one lets air back into the ball the fluid will run out of the pipette.

A vortexer serves to homogenize reagents found in laboratories. The container containing liquid to be homogenized is put on a platform. The platform shakes by rotary agitation up to 3000RPM at which point a contact sensor is activated. In this way extremely small volumes of fluid can be homogenized quickly as well. It is the opposite of a centrifuge, used to separate fluids.

With a magnetic stir bar retriever you can remove magnetic stir bars from a container. The retriever is a bar with a magnet at the end which attracts the stir bars.

This sets the leftmost wavelength of the spectrum

This rack comes in handy when you want to test many small amounts of chemicals in a row, or if you want to dry test tubes.

A separating funnel can be used to separate a mixture of fluids by differing density. A valve at the bottom allows you to drain the more dense fluid for transfer to another container.

This sets the leftmost wavelength of the spectrum

A dropping funnel can be used to drop precise amounts of fluid. You can control the dropping speed with a valve.

With a magnetic stir bar retriever you can remove magnetic stir bars from a container. The retriever is a bar with a magnet at the end which attracts the stir bars.

A round-bottomed flask is used for a lot of reactions. Some can be connected to other items, as the frosting on the neck shows. With cork rings they can be placed on a table.

This page gives an overview about the spectrum this element

Watchglasses are round glass panes with a diameter of around 5 - 10 cm which are used in the various experimental techniques. The border is bent upwards to allow the watchglass to hold small amounts of liquids in order to let them evaporate. The evaporation can be accelerated by heating the watchglass with a Bunsen burner. Watchglasses can also be used to cover petri dishes or beakers. Moreover watchglasses are suited to weighing small amounts of matter or alternatively drying them in the airing cupboard. The term watchglass is derived from the former pocket watches' protection glass which was often domed.

A dehydrator is a laboratory apparatus which is often made of glass and serves to dry chemical matters, that is, to remove water or liquid from a sample. In principle it is a glass bowl with cap which has a planar grinding so that the bowl is air tight closeable. The dehydrator's lower part is ordinarily filled with a drying agent e.g. calcium chloride, silica gel, phosphoric anhydride or sulphuric acid. The sample to be dried is placed on a diaphanous cartridge of plastic or ceramics above the drying agent. The drying agent is hygroscopic, which means that it dehumidifies its environment by absorbing water vapor. The dry atmosphere then takes up water from the sample to be dried.

This sets the leftmost wavelength of the spectrum

This is the spectrum of the element

Covalent radius in chemistry corresponds to half of the distance between two identical atomic nuclei, bound by a covalent bond.

The Ionic Radius is the radius of a charged atom, a so called ion. The ion can have a positive or a negative charge. The charge of the ion which radius you see is also displayed in Kalzium. A positive ion has less electrons in its shell then the atom, a negative ion has more electrons. Therefore, a postive ion has a smaller radius than its atom and vice versa.

This is the spectrum of the element

An amount with which the precision of a measurement can be estimates.

This sets the rightmost wavelength of the spectrum

whether the atomic mass will be displayed in the PSE-Table

This is the spectrum of the element

whether the atomic mass will be displayed in the PSE-Table

The spatula is a laboratory tool to scrape off, grind and transport chemicals. The material they are made of (e.g. iron, titanium, platinum) and their design (e.g. flat spatula or spoon spatula) can be different.

This sets the rightmost wavelength of the spectrum

In a measuring cylinder you can fill amounts of liquids relatively precisely. Furthermore, the cylinder allows particulate matter to sink. Following this, you can separate particulates from the fluid by decanting.

With a test tube fastener you can easily hold test tubes. If you use a fastener there is a safe distance between the hand and the test tube when the tube is hot. In particular, it is used when you hold a test tube over an open flame.

In a laboratory you often have to weigh out very precise amounts of reagents. High precise scales can measure masses down to 1/10000 gram.Therefor they stand on granite blocks to avoid vibrancies and are protected against blasts by a dome.

This page gives an overview about the spectrum this element

Test tube fastener

To separate a mixture you can use distillation amongst others. The distillation bridge is thereby the way between the two pots. In the one pot there is the mixture to be separated. Through heating, a gas forms which is lead through the bridge. At the end of the bridge the gas phase is condensed again and drips in a round flask. As a rule, the bridge is cooled by return flow. In addition, there is often a thermometer for controlling the temperature on the distillation bridge.

This sets the rightmost wavelength of the spectrum

There are reactions which need to be kept free of water. To make this possible one uses a drying tube, which contains a hygroscopic chemical to absorb water in the atmosphere.

A round-bottomed flask is used for a lot of reactions. Some can be connected to other items, as the frosting on the neck shows. With cork rings they can be placed on a table.

There are several types of burners. The picture shows a Teclu-Burner. Each type has specific uses. They vary in the peak temperature and overall heating capability.

There are reactions which need to be kept free of water. To make this possible one uses a drying tube, which contains a hygroscopic chemical to absorb water in the atmosphere.

With a magnetic stir bar retriever you can remove magnetic stir bars from a container. The retriever is a bar with a magnet at the end which attracts the stir bars.

A dropping funnel can be used to drop precise amounts of fluid. You can control the dropping speed with a valve.

Most laboratories use extractor hoods. They filter the gasses from chemical reactions and pump the cleaned air outside of the building.

This page gives an overview about the spectrum this element

Round-bottomed Flask

Most laboratories insist that everyone wears protective goggles. Without them, it is too risky to work with most chemicals. Usually, the lens is a special type of plastic which protects you from both mechanical impacts and acid and base chemicals.

There are multiple way to measure the pH-Value of an solution. With a litmus paper it is easy to get a pretty precise pH-Value. The color indicates the value. If you need a more precise value you can for example use a pH-Meter which is using the conductivity of a solution.

Round-bottomed Flask

Most laboratories insist that everyone wears protective goggles. Without them, it is too risky to work with most chemicals. Usually, the lens is a special type of plastic which protects you from both mechanical impacts and acid and base chemicals.