Translations by Michael Turek

Most laboratories insist that everyone wears protective goggles. Without them, it is too risky to work with most chemicals. Usually, the lens is a special type of plastic which protects you from both mechanical impacts and acid and base chemicals.

A separating funnel can be used to separate a mixture of fluids by differing density. A valve at the bottom allows you to drain the more dense fluid for transfer to another container.

Covalent radius in chemistry corresponds to half of the distance between two identical atomic nuclei, bound by a covalent bond.

This page gives an overview about the spectrum this element. With the mouse you can zoom into the spectrum.

Atoms numbers

Element name

Element symbol

Bond Labels:

Bond number

Rendering:

Atom Radius:

Bond Radius:

Molecular Orbital

Element symbols

Element names

Bond Order:

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Click on 2 atoms to measure a distance, on 3 atoms to measure an angle, on 4 atoms to measure a dihedral angle.

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Discovery Date

Electronaffinity

Kelvin

Degrees Fahrenheit

Degrees Rankine

kj/mol (kilojoule per mol)

List of all Peaks

Matter separation in a moving medium (mobile phase) through differentiated absorption on a static medium (stationary phase).

Separation of a liquid solution (homogeneous mix) into its components through evaporation and condensation. In a fractionary distillation the process is repeated several times in a column.

Matter that cannot be broken down into simpler matter. Chemical elements are cornerstones of Materials. Elements consist of atoms that consist of a nucleus of positive protons, neutral neutrons, and a shell of electrons.

Separation of a solid matter from a liquid matter or gaseous matter with a filter (porous separation wall).

Law of Conservation of Mass

During a chemical reaction mass is neither lost nor gained. The sum mass of the material going into the reaction equals the sum of the mass of the products of the reaction.

Separation of solid, crystalline matter from a solution, or the liquid or gaseous phases.

Measurement of an amount of matter.

All that takes up space and has mass.

Heterogeneous mix consisting of a liquid and solid matter.

Pure matter consisting of multiple elements in a set ratio.

Isotopes are forms of a chemical element whose nuclei have the same atomic number, Z, but different atomic masses, A. The word isotope, meaning at the same place, comes from the fact that all isotopes of an element are located at the same place on the periodic table.

The proton is a subatomic particle with a mass of m[sub]e[/sub]=(1.6726231 ± 0.0000010) 10[sup]-27[/sup] kg and a positive charge of [i]e[/i]=(1.60217733 ± 0.00000049) 10[sup]-19[/sup] C which occurs in the nucleus of an atom.

The neutron is a subatomic particle with a mass of m[sub]e[/sub]=(1.6749286 ± 0.0000010) 10[sup]-27[/sup] kg which occurs in the nucleus of an atom.

The atomic radius is the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outmost stable electron orbital in a atom that is at equilibrium.

Dehydrator

Separating Funnel

Protective Goggles