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104.

With your current *nix partitioning tools, repartition the hard drive as needed, creating at least one filesystem plus swap. You need around 350MB of space available for a console only install, or about 1GB if you plan to install X (more if you intend to install desktop environments like GNOME or KDE).

105.

Next, create file systems on the partitions. For example, to create an ext3 file system on partition <filename>/dev/hda6</filename> (that's our example root partition): <informalexample><screen>
# mke2fs -j /dev/<replaceable>hda6</replaceable>
</screen></informalexample> To create an ext2 file system instead, omit <userinput>-j</userinput>.

106.

Initialize and activate swap (substitute the partition number for your intended Debian swap partition): <informalexample><screen>
# mkswap /dev/<replaceable>hda5</replaceable>
# sync; sync; sync
# swapon /dev/<replaceable>hda5</replaceable>
</screen></informalexample> Mount one partition as <filename>/mnt/debinst</filename> (the installation point, to be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem on your new system). The mount point name is strictly arbitrary, it is referenced later below.

110.

The utility used by the Debian installer, and recognized as the official way to install a Debian base system, is <command>debootstrap</command>. It uses <command>wget</command> and <command>ar</command>, but otherwise depends only on <classname>/bin/sh</classname> and basic Unix/Linux tools<footnote> <para> These include the GNU core utilities and commands like <command>sed</command>, <command>grep</command>, <command>tar</command> and <command>gzip</command>. </para> </footnote>. Install <command>wget</command> and <command>ar</command> if they aren't already on your current system, then download and install <command>debootstrap</command>.

111.

Or, you can use the following procedure to install it manually. Make a work folder for extracting the .deb into: <informalexample><screen>
# mkdir work
# cd work
</screen></informalexample> The <command>debootstrap</command> binary is located in the Debian archive (be sure to select the proper file for your architecture). Download the <command>debootstrap</command> .deb from the <ulink url="http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/"> pool</ulink>, copy the package to the work folder, and extract the files from it. You will need to have root privileges to install the files.

114.

<command>debootstrap</command> can download the needed files directly from the archive when you run it. You can substitute any Debian archive mirror for <userinput>&archive-mirror;/debian</userinput> in the command example below, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors"></ulink>.

116.

Substitute one of the following for <replaceable>ARCH</replaceable> in the <command>debootstrap</command> command: <userinput>alpha</userinput>, <userinput>amd64</userinput>, <userinput>arm</userinput>, <userinput>armel</userinput>, <userinput>hppa</userinput>, <userinput>i386</userinput>, <userinput>ia64</userinput>, <userinput>m68k</userinput>, <userinput>mips</userinput>, <userinput>mipsel</userinput>, <userinput>powerpc</userinput>, <userinput>s390</userinput>, or <userinput>sparc</userinput>.

119.

Now you've got a real Debian system, though rather lean, on disk. <command>chroot</command> into it: <informalexample><screen>
# LANG=C chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash
</screen></informalexample> After chrooting you may need to set the terminal definition to be compatible with the Debian base system, for example:

122.

At this point <filename>/dev/</filename> only contains very basic device files. For the next steps of the installation additional device files may be needed. There are different ways to go about this and which method you should use depends on the host system you are using for the installation, on whether you intend to use a modular kernel or not, and on whether you intend to use dynamic (e.g. using <classname>udev</classname>) or static device files for the new system.

124.

create a default set of static device files using