Translations by Xuacu Saturio
Xuacu Saturio has submitted the following strings to this translation. Contributions are visually coded: currently used translations, unreviewed suggestions, rejected suggestions.
| 4. |
Placeholder.
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| 2009-04-15 |
Marcador de posición.
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| 17. |
"Under Linux there are GUIs (graphical user interfaces), where you can point and click and drag, and hopefully get work done without first reading lots of documentation. The traditional Unix environment is a CLI (command line interface), where you type commands to tell the computer what to do. That is faster and more powerful, but requires finding out what the commands are." -- from <placeholder-1/>
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| 2009-04-15 |
"En Linux hai GUIs (entornos gráficos d'usuariu), onde pues manexate col mur, y seguramente facer el trabayu ensín lleer enantes documentación asgaya. L'entornu tradicional d'UNIX ye una CLI (entornu de llinia d'ordes), onde teclies les ordes pa dici-y al ordenador qué facer. Esto ye más rápido y potente, pero requier saber qué comandos son."-- de <placeholder-1/>
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| 18. |
This guide will make you familiar with basic GNU/Linux shell commands. It is not intended to be a complete guide to the command line, just an introduction to complement Ubuntu's graphical tools.
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| 2009-04-15 |
Esta guía va averate a les ordes básiques de la shell en GNU/Linux. Nun ta pensada pa ser una guía completa de la llinia d'ordes, namái una introducción pa complementar les ferramientes gráfiques d'Ubuntu.
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| 22. |
Starting a Terminal
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| 2009-04-15 |
Entamando una Terminal
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| 24. |
Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>;
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| 2009-04-15 |
Escueye <menuchoice><guimenu>Aplicaciones</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accesorios</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>;
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| 25. |
Or press <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> and type <command>gnome-terminal</command>.
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| 2009-04-15 |
O calca <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> y teclia <command>gnome-terminal</command>.
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| 31. |
The <command>~</command> character represents the current user's home directory. As seen above, <command>cd ~</command> is equivalent to <command>cd /home/username/</command>. However, when running a command as root (using <command>sudo</command>, for example), <command>~</command> points instead to <filename class="directory">/root</filename>. When running a command with <command>sudo</command>, the full path to your home directory must be given.
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| 2009-04-15 |
El caráuter <command>~</command> representa'l direutoriu llariegu actual de l'usuariu. Como yá vimos, <command>cd ~</command> ye equivalente a <command>cd /home/username/</command>. Por embargu, al executar una orde como root (usando <command>sudo</command>, por exemplu), <command>~</command> apunta pa <filename class="directory">/root</filename>. Al executar una orde con <command>sudo</command>, hai que dar el camín completu al to direutoriu root.
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| 36. |
<application>GNOME Terminal</application> also displays this information in the title bar of its window.
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| 2009-04-15 |
<application>GNOME Terminal</application> tamién amuesa esta información na barra del títulu del so ventanu.
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| 37. |
The <command>pwd</command> command outputs which directory you are currently located in (<acronym>pwd</acronym> stands for <quote>print working directory</quote>). For example, typing <screen>pwd</screen> in the <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> directory, will show <computeroutput>/home/username/Desktop</computeroutput>. <placeholder-1/>
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| 2009-04-15 |
La orde <command>pwd</command> amuesa el direutoriu nel que tas allugáu nesti momentu (<acronym>pwd</acronym> quier dicir <quote>print working directory</quote>). Por exemplu, tecliar <screen>pwd</screen> nel direutoriu <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename>, amosará <computeroutput>/home/username/Desktop</computeroutput>. <placeholder-1/>
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| 42. |
The <command>cp</command> command makes a copy of a file. For example, type: <screen>cp foo bar</screen> to make an exact copy of <filename>foo</filename> and name it <filename>bar</filename>. <filename>foo</filename> will be unchanged.
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| 2009-04-15 |
La orde <command>cp</command> fai una copia d'un ficheru. Por exemplu, escribe: <screen>cp pim pam</screen> pa facer una copia esauta de <filename>pim</filename> y nomala <filename>pam</filename>. <filename>pim</filename> quedará ensin cambear.
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| 44. |
The <command>mv</command> command moves a file to a different location or will rename a file. Examples are as follows: <screen>mv foo bar</screen> will rename the file <filename>foo</filename> to <filename>bar</filename>. <screen>mv foo ~/Desktop</screen> will move the file <filename>foo</filename> to your <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> directory but will not rename it.
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| 2009-04-16 |
La orde <command>mv</command> mueve un ficheru a un llugar diferente, o cambea'l nome d'un ficheru. Exemplos como de siguío: <screen>mv foo bar</screen> renomara'l ficheru <filename>foo</filename> a <filename>bar</filename>. <screen>mv foo ~/Escritoriu</screen> moverá el ficheru <filename>foo</filename> al direutoriu <filename class="directory">Escritoriu</filename>, pero ensin renomalu.
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| 46. |
<command>rm</command> is used to delete files. <screen>rm foo</screen> deletes the file <filename>foo</filename> from the current directory.
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| 2009-04-16 |
<command>rm</command> usase pa desaniciar ficheros. <screen>rm foo</screen> desanicia'l ficheru <filename>foo</filename> del direutoriu actual.
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| 47. |
By default, <command>rm</command> will not remove directories. To remove a directory, you must use the <command>-R</command> option. For example, <screen>rm -R foobar</screen> will remove the directory foobar, <emphasis role="strong">and all of its contents!</emphasis>
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| 2009-04-16 |
Por omisión, <command>rm</command> nun desaniciará direutorios. Para desaniciar un direutoriu, has d'usar la opción <command>-R</command>. Por exemplu, <screen>rm -R pin</screen> desaniciará'l direutoriu pin <emphasis role="strong">¡y el so conteníu ensembre!</emphasis>.
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| 49. |
The <command>mkdir</command> command allows you to create directories. For example, typing: <screen>mkdir music</screen> will create a directory named <filename class="directory">music</filename> in the current directory.
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| 2009-04-16 |
La orde <command>mkdir</command> permite crear direutorios. Por exemplu, tecliando: <screen>mkdir música</screen> creará un direutoriu nomáu <filename class="directory">música</filename> nel direutoriu actual.
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| 50. |
System Information Commands
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| 2009-04-16 |
Ordes d'información del sistema
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| 52. |
The <command>df</command> command displays filesystem disk space usage for all partitions. <screen>df -h</screen> will give information using megabytes (M) and gigabytes (G) instead of blocks (<emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> means "human-readable").
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| 2009-04-16 |
La orde <command>df</command> amuesa l'usu d'espaciu de discu de los sistemas de ficheros de toles particiones. <screen>df -h</screen> dará la información usando megabytes (M) y gigabytes (G) en llugar de bloques (<emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> significa «lleíble-polos-humanos»).
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| 54. |
The <command>free</command> command displays the amount of free and used memory in the system. <screen>free -m</screen> will give the information using megabytes, which is probably most useful for current computers.
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| 2009-04-16 |
La orde <command>free</command> amuesa la cantidá de memoria llibre y usada del sistema. <screen>free -m</screen> dará la información usando megabytes, lo que probablemente ye más afayadizo pa los ordenadores actuales.
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| 56. |
The <command>top</command> command displays information on your GNU/Linux system, running processes and system resources, including CPU, RAM & swap usage and total number of tasks being run. To exit <application>top</application>, press <keycap>q</keycap>.
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| 2009-04-16 |
La orde <command>top</command> amuesa información del to sistema GNU/Linux, procesos n'execución y recursos del sistema, incluyendo l'usu de CPU, RAM y espaciu d'intercambéu, y el númberu total de xeres n'execución. Para colar de <application>top</application>, calca <keycap>q</keycap>.
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| 58. |
The <command>uname</command> command with the <emphasis role="strong">-a</emphasis> option, prints all system information, including machine name, kernel name & version, and a few other details. Most useful for checking which kernel you're using.
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| 2009-04-16 |
La orde <command>uname</command> cola opción <emphasis role="strong">-a</emphasis>, saca tola información del sistema, incluyendo'l nome de la máquina, nome y versión del núcleu, y dellos detáis más. La mayor utilidá ye comprobar qué núcleu tas usando.
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| 63. |
Executing Commands with Elevated Privileges
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| 2009-04-16 |
Executar ordes con privilexos elevaos
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| 64. |
The following commands will need to be prefaced with the <command>sudo</command> command. Please see <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">RootSudo</ulink> for information on using <command>sudo</command>.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Les siguientes ordes necesiten dir precedíes pola orde <command>sudo</command>. Por favor, llee <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">RootSudo</ulink> para mayor información tocante a l'usu de <command>sudo</command>.
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| 72. |
The default behavior for a command may usually be modified by adding a <emphasis role="strong">-- <emphasis>option</emphasis></emphasis> to the command. The <link linkend="ls"><command>ls</command></link> command, for example, has a <emphasis role="strong">-s</emphasis> option so that <command>ls -s</command> will include file sizes in the listing. There is also a <emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> option to get those sizes in a "human readable" format.
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| 2009-04-16 |
El comportamientu predetermináu d'una orde normalmente puede modificase amestando-y una <emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>opción</emphasis> --</emphasis> a la orde. La orde <link linkend="ls"><command>ls</command></link>, por exemplu, tien una opción <emphasis role="strong">-s</emphasis> de manera que <command>ls -s</command> incluirá el tamaño de los ficheros nel llistáu. Hai también una opción <emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> pa obtener dichos tamaños en formatu «lleible polos humanos».
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| 73. |
Options can be grouped in clusters so <screen>ls -sh</screen> is exactly the same command as <screen>ls -s -h</screen> Most options have a long version, prefixed with two dashes instead of one, so even <screen>ls --size --human-readable</screen> is the same command.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Les opciones pueden agrupase de manera que <screen>ls -sh</screen> ye exactamente la mesma orde que <screen>ls -s -h</screen> Munches opciones tienen una versión llarga, qu'entama con dos guiones en llugar d'unu, polo que <screen>ls --size --human-readable</screen> ye también la mesma orde.
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| 74. |
"Man" and getting help
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| 2009-04-16 |
"Man" y atopar aida
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| 75. |
<emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>command</emphasis> --help</emphasis> and <emphasis role="strong">man <emphasis>command</emphasis></emphasis> are the two most important tools at the command line.
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| 2009-04-16 |
<emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>orde</emphasis> --help</emphasis> y <emphasis role="strong">man <emphasis>orde</emphasis></emphasis> son les dos ferramientes más importantes de la llinia d'ordes.
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| 76. |
Virtually all commands understand the <emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> (or <emphasis role="strong">--help</emphasis>) option which will produce a short usage description of the command and it's options, then exit back to the command prompt. Type <screen>man -h</screen> or <screen>man --help</screen> to see this in action.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Virtualmente toles ordes entienden la opción <emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> (o <emphasis role="strong">--help</emphasis>), que saca una descripción curtia de l'usu de la orde y sus opciones, y lluéu sal a l'intérprete d'ordes. Escribe <screen>man -h</screen> o <screen>man --help</screen> para velo n'aición.
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| 77. |
Every command and nearly every application in Linux will have a man (manual) file, so finding them is as simple as typing <command>man command</command> to bring up a longer manual entry for the specified command. For example, <screen>man mv</screen> will bring up the <command>mv</command> (move) manual.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Cada orde y casi cada aplicación de Linux tien un ficheru man (de manual), polo que alcontralos ye tan facil como tecliar <command>man orde</command> pa sacar una entrada más llarga del manual de la orde conseñada. Por exemplu, <screen>man mv</screen> sacará el manual de la orde <command>mv</command> (mover).
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| 78. |
Move up and down the man file with the arrow keys, and quit back to the command prompt with <keycap>q</keycap>.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Muévete arriba y abaxo pol ficheru del manual coles tecles del cursor (fleches), y torna a l'intérprete d'ordes cola tecla <keycap>q</keycap>.
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| 79. |
<screen>man man</screen> will bring up the manual entry for the <command>man</command> command, which is a good place to start.
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| 2009-04-16 |
<screen>man man</screen> sacará la entrada del manual pa la orde <command>man</command>, que ye un bon sitiu pa entamar.
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| 80. |
<screen>man intro</screen> is especially useful - it displays the "Introduction to user commands" which is a well-written, fairly brief introduction to the Linux command line.
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| 2009-04-16 |
<screen>man intro</screen> ye especialmente afayadizo: amuesa la «introducción a les órdenes d'usuariu», que ye una introducción curtia y bien escrita a la llinia d'ordes de Linux.
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| 81. |
There are also <command>info</command> pages, which are generally more in-depth than <command>man</command> pages. Try <screen>info info</screen> for the introduction to info pages.
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| 2009-04-16 |
También tan les páxines <command>info</command>, que polo xeneral entren más a fondo que les páxines <command>man</command>. Tenta <screen>info info</screen> para la introducción a les páxines info.
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| 82. |
Searching for man files
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| 2009-04-16 |
Restolar por ficheros man
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| 83. |
If you aren't sure which command or application you need to use, you can try searching the man files.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Si nun tas seguru de qué orde o aplicación necesites usar, puedes tentar a restolar nos ficheros man.
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| 84. |
This is the same as the <command>apropos</command> command.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Esto ye igual que la orde <command>apropos</command>.
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| 85. |
<command>man -k foo</command>, will search the man files for <emphasis>foo</emphasis>. Try <screen>man -k nautilus</screen> to see how this works. <placeholder-1/>
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| 2009-04-16 |
<command>man -k foo</command>, restolará los archivos man por <emphasis>foo</emphasis>. Tenta <screen>man -k nautilus</screen> pa ver cómo funciona. <placeholder-1/>
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| 86. |
This is the same as the <command>whatis</command> command.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Esto ye lo mesmo que la orde <command>whatis</command>.
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| 87. |
<command>man -f foo</command>, searches only the titles of your system's man files. For example, try <screen>man -f gnome</screen><placeholder-1/>
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| 2009-04-16 |
<command>man -f foo</command>, restola sólo nos títulos de los ficheros man del to sistema. Por exemplu, tenta <screen>man -f gnome</screen><placeholder-1/>
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| 88. |
Other Useful Things
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| 2009-04-16 |
Otres coses afayadices
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| 91. |
Save on typing
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| 2009-04-16 |
Aforrase tecliar
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| 92. |
<keycap>Up Arrow</keycap> or <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>p</keycap></keycombo>
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| 2009-04-16 |
<keycap>Flecha arriba</keycap> o <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>p</keycap></keycombo>
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| 93. |
Scrolls through the commands you've entered previously.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Desplazase poles ordes qu'escribiste previamente.
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| 94. |
<keycap>Down Arrow</keycap> or <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>n</keycap></keycombo>
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| 2009-04-16 |
<keycap>Flecha abaxo</keycap> o <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>n</keycap></keycombo>
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| 95. |
Takes you back to a more recent command.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Vuelve a una orde más reciente.
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| 96. |
Enter
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| 2009-04-16 |
Enter
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| 97. |
When you have the command you want.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Cuando tengas la orde deseada.
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| 98. |
Tab
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| 2009-04-16 |
Tab
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| 99. |
A very useful feature. It autocompletes any commands or filenames, if there's only one option, or else gives you a list of options.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Una carauterística mui afayadiza. Autocompleta cualisquier orde o nome de ficheru si sólo hai una opción o, sinon, amuesa una llista d'opciones.
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| 100. |
Change the text
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| 2009-04-16 |
Cambea el testu
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| 101. |
The mouse won't work. Use the <keycap>Left/Right arrow</keycap> keys to move around the line.
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| 2009-04-16 |
El mur nun funciona. Usa les tecles <keycap>Flecha izquierda/derecha</keycap> para movete pola llinia.
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| 102. |
When the cursor is where you want it in the line, typing <emphasis>inserts</emphasis> text, it doesn't overtype what's already there.
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| 2009-04-16 |
Cuando'l cursor tea nel puntu que quieras de la llinia, tecliar <emphasis>inxerta</emphasis> testu, nun sobrescribe lo que yá ta allí.
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