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36.
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The Ubuntu project is entirely committed to the principles of open source software development; people are encouraged to use open source software, improve it, and pass it on. This means that Ubuntu is and will always be free of charge.
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Ubuntu 项目完全遵从开源软件开发的原则；并且鼓励人们使用、完善并传播开源软件。也就是说 Ubuntu 目前是而且永远都是免费的。
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:79(para)
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37.
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Linux Basics
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Linux 基础
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Translated and reviewed by
Water Liu
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:84(title)
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38.
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Linux is inspired by the Unix operating system which first appeared in 1969, and has been in continous use and development ever since. Many of the design conventions behind Unix also exist in Linux and are central to understanding the basics of the system.
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Linux 的灵感源自 1969 年就出现的 Unix 操作系统，时至今日该系统仍被广泛使用，并在不断发展中。 Unix 背后的许多设计惯例也同样存在于 Linux 中，对系统基本原理的理解至关重要。
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:85(para)
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39.
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Unix was primarily oriented towards the command line interface, and that legacy is carried on in Linux. Thus, the graphical user interface with its windows, icons and menus are built on top of a basic command line interface. Furthermore, this means that the Linux file system is structured to be easily manageable and accessible from the command line.
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Unix 最初主要使用命令行界面，这也在 Linux 中得到了保留。也就是说，图形用户界面及其窗口、图标、菜单等都构建在基本的命令行界面之上。更进一步，这也意味着命令行里可以十分便捷的管理和访问 Linux 的文件系统。
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:87(para)
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40.
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Directories and File Systems
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目录和文件系统
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:90(title)
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41.
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Linux and Unix file systems are organised in a hierarchical, tree-like structure. The highest level of the file system is the <filename>/</filename> or <emphasis>root directory</emphasis>. In the Unix and Linux design philosophy, everything is considered a file - including hard disks, partitions and removable media. This means that all other files and directories (including other disks and partitions) exist under the root directory.
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Linux 和 Unix 文件系统被组织为一个有层次的树形结构。文件系统的最上层是 <filename>/</filename>，或称之为 <emphasis>根目录</emphasis>。在 Unix 和 Linux 的设计理念中，一切皆为文件——包括硬盘、分区和可插拔介质。这就意味着所有其它文件和目录（包括其它硬盘和分区）都位于根目录中。
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:91(para)
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42.
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For example, <filename>/home/jebediah/cheeses.odt</filename> shows the correct full path to the <filename>cheeses.odt</filename> file that exists in the <filename>jebediah</filename> directory which is under the <filename>home</filename> directory, which in turn, is under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory.
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举个例子： <filename>/home/jebediah/cheeses.odt</filename>这段字符串用于表示< filename>cheeses.odt</filename> 这个文件的位置。目录向上<filename>jebediah</filename> 这个目录就位于<filename>home</filename> 目录下，层层上推，就是(<filename>/</filename>) 这个目录了。
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:93(para)
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43.
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Underneath the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory, there is a set of important system directories that are common across most Linux distributions that are used. The following is a listing of common directories that are directly under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory:
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在根(<filename>/</filename>)目录下，有一组重要的系统目录，在大部分 Linux 发行版里都通行。直接位于根(<filename>/</filename>)目录下的常见目录列表如下：
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:95(para)
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44.
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<filename>/bin</filename> - important <emphasis>bin</emphasis>ary applications
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<filename>/bin</filename> - 重要的 <emphasis>bin</emphasis>ary（二进制）应用程序
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:99(para)
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45.
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<filename>/boot</filename> - <emphasis>boot</emphasis> configuration files
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<filename>/boot</filename> - 启动 (<emphasis>boot</emphasis>) 配置文件
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Translated and reviewed by
xiaocao2000
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Located in
C/introduction.xml:103(para)
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