Browsing Udmurt translation

39.

Unix was primarily oriented towards the command line interface, and that legacy is carried on in Linux. Thus, the graphical user interface with its windows, icons and menus are built on top of a basic command line interface. Furthermore, this means that the Linux file system is structured to be easily manageable and accessible from the command line.

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Directories and File Systems

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Linux and Unix file systems are organised in a hierarchical, tree-like structure. The highest level of the file system is the <filename>/</filename> or <emphasis>root directory</emphasis>. In the Unix and Linux design philosophy, everything is considered a file - including hard disks, partitions and removable media. This means that all other files and directories (including other disks and partitions) exist under the root directory.

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For example, <filename>/home/jebediah/cheeses.odt</filename> shows the correct full path to the <filename>cheeses.odt</filename> file that exists in the <filename>jebediah</filename> directory which is under the <filename>home</filename> directory, which in turn, is under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory.

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Underneath the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory, there is a set of important system directories that are common across most Linux distributions that are used. The following is a listing of common directories that are directly under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory:

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<filename>/bin</filename> - important <emphasis>bin</emphasis>ary applications

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<filename>/boot</filename> - <emphasis>boot</emphasis> configuration files

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<filename>/dev</filename> - the <emphasis>dev</emphasis>ice files

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<filename>/etc</filename> - configuration files, startup scripts, <emphasis>etc</emphasis>...

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<filename>/home</filename> - local users' <emphasis>home</emphasis> directories