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97.

Also, you may upgrade your entire Ubuntu system from one revision to another with dist-upgrade. For example, to upgrade from Ubuntu version 5.10 to version 6.06 LTS, you would first ensure the version 6.06 LTS repositories replace the existing 5.10 repositories in your computer's <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>, then simply issue the <application>apt-get update</application> command as detailed above, and finally, perform the actual upgrade by typing: <screen>
<command>sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</command>
</screen>

98.

After a fairly considerable amount of time, your computer will be upgraded to the new revision. Typically, some post-upgrade steps would be required as detailed in the upgrade notes for the revision you are upgrading to.

101.

For further information about the use of <application>APT</application>, read the comprehensive <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">Debian APT User Manual</ulink> or type: <screen>apt-get help</screen>

104.

<application>Aptitude</application> is best suited to use in a non-graphical terminal environment to ensure proper functioning of the command keys. You may start <application>Aptitude</application> as a normal user with the following command at a terminal prompt: <screen>
<command>sudo aptitude</command>
</screen>

105.

When <application>Aptitude</application> starts, you will see a menu bar at the top of the screen and two panes below the menu bar. The top pane contains package categories, such as <emphasis role="italics">New Packages</emphasis> and <emphasis role="italics">Not Installed Packages</emphasis>. The bottom pane contains information related to the packages and package categories.

106.

Using <application>Aptitude</application> for package management is relatively straightforward, and the user interface makes common tasks simple to perform. The following are examples of popular package management functions as performed in <application>Aptitude</application>:

107.

<emphasis role="bold">Install Packages</emphasis>: To install a package, locate the package via the Not Installed Packages package category, for example, by using the keyboard arrow keys and the <keycap>ENTER</keycap> key, and highlight the package you wish to install. After highlighting the package you wish to install, press the <keycap>+</keycap> key, and the package entry should turn <emphasis role="italics">green</emphasis>, indicating it has been marked for installation. Now press <keycap>g</keycap> to be presented with a summary of package actions. Press <keycap>g</keycap> again, and you will be prompted to become root to complete the installation. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> which will result in a Password: prompt. Enter your user password to become root. Finally, press <keycap>g</keycap> once more and you'll be prompted to download the package. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> on the <emphasis role="italics">Continue</emphasis> prompt, and downloading and installation of the package will commence.

108.

<emphasis role="bold">Remove Packages</emphasis>: To remove a package, locate the package via the Installed Packages package category, for example, by using the keyboard arrow keys and the <keycap>ENTER</keycap> key, and highlight the package you wish to remove. After highlighting the package you wish to install, press the <keycap>-</keycap> key, and the package entry should turn <emphasis role="italics">pink</emphasis>, indicating it has been marked for removal. Now press <keycap>g</keycap> to be presented with a summary of package actions. Press <keycap>g</keycap> again, and you will be prompted to become root to complete the installation. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> which will result in a Password: prompt. Enter your user password to become root. Finally, press <keycap>g</keycap> once more, and you'll be prompted to download the package. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> on the <emphasis role="italics">Continue</emphasis> prompt, and removal of the package will commence.

109.

<emphasis role="bold">Update Package Index</emphasis>: To update the package index, simply press the <keycap>u</keycap> key and you will be prompted to become root to complete the installation. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> which will result in a Password: prompt. Enter your user password to become root. Updating of the package index will commence. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> on the OK prompt when the download dialog is presented to complete the process.

110.

<emphasis role="bold">Upgrade Packages</emphasis>: To upgrade packages, perform the update of the package index as detailed above, and then press the <keycap>U</keycap> key to mark all upgradeable packages. Now press <keycap>g</keycap> whereby you'll be presented with a summary of package actions. Press <keycap>g</keycap> again, and you will be prompted to become root to complete the installation. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> which will result in a Password: prompt. Enter your user password to become root. Finally, press <keycap>g</keycap> once more, and you'll be prompted to download the package. Press <keycap>ENTER</keycap> on the <emphasis role="italics">Continue</emphasis> prompt, and upgrade of the packages will commence.