Translations by Matthew Vermeulen

The <emphasis>GNU Project</emphasis>, pronounced “guh-noo”, was launched in 1984 to develop a complete UNIX style operating system which is comprised of free software: the GNU system. Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the Linux kernel, are now widely used; though these systems are often referred to as “Linux,” they are more accurately called GNU/Linux systems.

The first method is to download an ISO image from a mirror server near you and make a CD to install Ubuntu. Two types of CDs are available:

<emphasis>Desktop CD</emphasis> - the desktop CD allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. This type of CD is what most people will want to use.

<emphasis>Text-mode install CD</emphasis> - the text-mode install CD allows you to perform certain specialist installations of Ubuntu. This type of CD is intended for cases such as creating pre-configured OEM systems or setting up automated deployments; it can also be used as a package source for upgrading older installations.

If you don't have a CD burner or you have limited or expensive bandwidth, we can send you pressed copies of the 'Desktop CD' free of charge. You may request CDs via <ulink url="http://shipit.ubuntu.com">Shipit</ulink>, the Ubuntu CD Distribution System.

Another method of obtaining Ubuntu is to join a local <emphasis>Linux Users Group</emphasis> (LUG) and ask if somebody can make you a copy. Normally, you will have to pay for the cost of the CD and delivery.

Inside each of the three sets of permissions are the actual permissons. The permissions, along with the way they apply differently to files and directories, are outlined below:

The <application>ls</application> (LiSt) lists files in different colors with full formatted text

In <emphasis>Browser mode</emphasis>, the file manager window represents a browser, which can display any location. Opening a folder updates the current file manager window to show the contents of the new folder.

Click on the <guilabel>Behavior</guilabel> tab.

In <application>Nautilus</application>, right click on the file and choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Properties</guimenu></menuchoice> from the menu that appears. The <guilabel>Properties</guilabel> dialog opens.

for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &amp; done

xfonts-intl-arabic xfonts-intl-asian xfonts-intl-chinese xfonts-intl-chinese-big xfonts-intl-european xfonts-intl-japanese xfonts-intl-japanese-big xfonts-intl-phonetic

Run: <screen> sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar</screen>

In the <guilabel>Command</guilabel> text box, type <userinput> <command>mozilla-thunderbird %s</command></userinput>, then close the dialog.

Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys to restart GNOME.

You can run the application with <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .

Make partitions automatically available

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

... default 0 ...

Many ATI video cards work well with Ubuntu automatically. To check that 3d acceleration works with your card, see <xref linkend="video-acceleration-introduction"/>. If it does not work, this procedure should activate it.

You now need to configure the computer to use the new driver so run this command in a terminal:<screen> sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg</screen>

All PPPOE and router-style ADSL modems are supported by Ubuntu (that use ethernet for the connections), and some USB ADSL modems are supported too. For router-style ADSL modems, just connect it up, configure the modem as per your ISPs instructions and configure networking in Ubuntu. For information on PPPOE modems see <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ADSLPPPoE">this guide</ulink> on the Ubuntu wiki.

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

Network Traffic Analyzer

To play and organize your music, Ubuntu comes with <application>Rhythmbox Music Player</application>, which looks similar to <application>iTunes</application>. When you first start <application>Rhythmbox</application>, it will scan your home directory for any supported music files you have and add it to the database. To start <application>Rhythmbox</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound &amp; Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>

Install the following packages from the <emphasis>Universe</emphasis> and <emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis> repositories (see <xref linkend="add-applications"/>): <literallayout>gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg </literallayout>

Email

Install the <application>bluefish</application> package from the <emphasis>Universe</emphasis> repository (see <xref linkend="add-applications"/>).

To start <application>XChat-GNOME</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .

To start <application>Scribus</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .

<application>gThumb</application> is an advanced image viewer and browser. It has many useful features, such as filesystem browsing, slide show, image catalogs, web album creation, camera import, image CD burning, batch file operations and quick image editing features like transformation and color manipulation.

<application>gThumb</application> is included in Ubuntu by default. To start it, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .

The GIMP (Gnu Image Manipulation Program)

<application>The GIMP</application> is installed in Ubuntu by default, and can be started by choosing <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .

Blender 3d Modeller

<application>Blender</application> is an integrated 3d suite for modelling, animation, rendering, post-production, interactive creation and playback.

In order to add or remove applications in Ubuntu you need to use a <emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. A package manager is a tool that makes installing and uninstalling applications easy by handling the software in preconfigured packages that are optimized for Ubuntu. The following package managers are described in this chapter:

For further information about the use of <application>APT</application>, read the comprehensive <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">Debian APT User Manual</ulink>.

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