Translations by Sergio Pokrovskij

Wait for job completion and return exit status. Waits for the process identified by ID, which may be a process ID or a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes in the job's pipeline. Exit Status: Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is given.

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Modify shell resource limits. Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes it creates, on systems that allow such control. Options: -S use the `soft' resource limit -H use the `hard' resource limit -a all current limits are reported -b the socket buffer size -c the maximum size of core files created -d the maximum size of a process's data segment -e the maximum scheduling priority (`nice') -f the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children -i the maximum number of pending signals -l the maximum size a process may lock into memory -m the maximum resident set size -n the maximum number of open file descriptors -p the pipe buffer size -q the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues -r the maximum real-time scheduling priority -s the maximum stack size -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds -u the maximum number of user processes -v the size of virtual memory -x the maximum number of file locks If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively. Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled number of processes. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.

Define local variables. Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can be any option accepted by `declare'. Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible only to the function where they are defined and its children. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function.

wait [id]

Set Readline key bindings and variables. Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument: e.g., bind '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options: -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. -l List names of functions. -P List function names and bindings. -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be reused as input. -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values in a form that can be reused as input. -V List variable names and values -v List variable names and values in a form that can be reused as input. -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function. -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function. -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ. -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME. -x keyseq:shell-command Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when KEYSEQ is entered. Exit Status: bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs.

ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]

wait [pid]

Mark shell variables as unchangeable. Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before marking as read-only. Options: -a refer to indexed array variables -A refer to associative array variables -f refer to shell functions -p display a list of all readonly variables and functions An argument of `--' disables further option processing. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.

Write arguments to the standard output. Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline. Options: -n do not append a newline -e enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes -E explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters: \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress further output \e escape character \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \0nnn the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be 0 to 3 octal digits \xHH the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH can be one or two hex digits Exit Status: Returns success unless a write error occurs.

Display status of jobs. Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed. Options: -l lists process IDs in addition to the normal information -n list only processes that have changed status since the last notification -p lists process IDs only -r restrict output to running jobs -s restrict output to stopped jobs If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's process group leader. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND.

unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]

bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]

Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions. For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Options: -f treat each NAME as a shell function -v treat each NAME as a shell variable Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, tries to unset a function. Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only.

This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.

Wait for process completion and return exit status. Waits for the specified process and reports its termination status. If PID is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return code is zero. PID must be a process ID. Exit Status: Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is given.

Remember or display program locations. Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed. Options: -d forget the remembered location of each NAME -l display in a format that may be reused as input -p pathname use PATHNAME is the full pathname of NAME -r forget all remembered locations -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple NAMEs are given Arguments: NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list of remembered commands. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given.

-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option (invocation only)

bad array subscript

%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array

%s: invalid associative array key

%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index

%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array

%s: cannot create: %s

bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command

%s: first non-whitespace character is not `"'

no closing `%c' in %s

%s: missing colon separator

brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %s

brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %d elements

brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'

`%s': invalid alias name

line editing not enabled

`%s': invalid keymap name

%s: cannot read: %s

`%s': cannot unbind

`%s': unknown function name

%s is not bound to any keys.

%s can be invoked via

loop count

only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop

Returns the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns

HOME not set

too many arguments

OLDPWD not set

line %d:

warning:

%s: usage:

%s: option requires an argument