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32.
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Stallman pioneered the definition and characteristics of open source software and the concept of copyleft. He is the main author of several copyleft licenses, including the GNU General Public License (GPL), which is the most widely used free software license.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:104(para)
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33.
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Nice to Know:
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扩展知识：
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Translated and reviewed by
Wylmer Wang
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:110(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:140(emphasis) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:158(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:227(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:332(title)
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34.
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For more information on Richard Stallman and the GNU project, refer to the following URL: <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_stallman">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_stallman</ulink>.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:111(para)
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35.
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By 1991, a number of GNU tools, including the powerful GNU compiler collection (GCC), had been created. However, a free kernel was not yet available to build a free OS that would use these tools.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:115(para)
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36.
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The Open Source Movement and Linux
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开源运动与 Linux
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Translated and reviewed by
Wylmer Wang
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:121(title)
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37.
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The difference between free software and open source can be defined as the difference between a social movement (free software) and a development methodology (open source). Linux refers to the kernel, or the backbones of the open source architecture.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:122(para)
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38.
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In August 1991, Linus Benedict Torvalds, a Finnish second-year student of computer science at the University of Helsinki, started working on Minix.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:127(para)
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39.
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Linus Benedict Torvalds
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Linus Benedict Torvalds
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Translated and reviewed by
Wylmer Wang
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:131(title)
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40.
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Minix is a UNIX-like OS built with open source code that Prof. Andrew S. Tanenbaum created with the intention to teach his students the internal processes of an OS.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:142(para)
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41.
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Linux was initially designed to be a Minix-like operating system that Linus Torvalds could use on his home computer. By mid-September, Torvalds released the first Linux kernel version 0.01. In 1994, Linux kernel version 1.0 was released under the GNU GPL. The free kernel and GNU tools provided a fertile environment for enthusiasts. By staying close to its UNIX roots, Linux provided a Command Line Interface (CLI) first; the adaptation of the X Window System made a graphical user interface (GUI) available at a later stage.
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Linus Torvalds 最初想把 Linux 设计成一个类 Minix 的能跑在自己家用计算机上的操作系统。在九月中旬时，Torvald 发布了第一个 Linux 内核 0.01 版本。在 1994 年，Linux 内核 1.0 版本在 GNU GPL 下发布。这个免费的内核加上 GNU 工具给爱好者提供了一个富有潜力的环境。为了与所发源的 UNIX 保持相近，Linux 真实提供了一个命令行界面；之后的阶段里 X 窗口系统的加入使图形用户界面成为可能。
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Translated and reviewed by
Wylmer Wang
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:147(para)
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