Browsing Turkish translation

13.

This document provides a brief description of the <trademark>Linux</trademark> command line. It is not a complete guide, but rather an introduction to complement <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>'s graphical tools.

20.

"Under <placeholder-1/> there are <placeholder-2/>s (graphical user interfaces), where you can point and click and drag and hopefully get work done without first reading lots of documentation. The traditional <placeholder-3/> environment is a <placeholder-4/> (command line interface), where you type commands to tell the computer what to do. That is faster and more powerful, but requires finding out what the commands are." -- from <placeholder-5/>

21.

This guide describes some basic <trademark>GNU</trademark>/ <trademark>Linux</trademark> shell commands. It is not intended to be a complete guide to the command line, just an introduction to complement <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>'s graphical tools.

31.

The <command>pwd</command> command displays the directory where the user is currently located. (<acronym>pwd</acronym> stands for <quote>print working directory</quote>). For example, typing <screen>pwd</screen> while in the <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> directory will show <computeroutput>/home/[username]/Desktop</computeroutput>. <placeholder-1/>

33.

The <command>cd</command> command changes directories. (<acronym>cd</acronym> stands for <quote>change directory</quote>). When a terminal window is opened, it will be in the user's home directory. Moving around the file system requires the use of the <command>cd</command> command.

52.

The <command>mv</command> command moves a file or directory to a different location or renames a file or directory. (<acronym>mv</acronym> is short for <quote>move</quote>). To rename the file <filename>foo</filename> to <filename>bar</filename>, type: <screen>mv foo bar</screen> To move the file <filename>foo</filename> into the current user's <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> directory, type: <screen>mv foo
~/Desktop</screen> This will not rename <filename>foo</filename> to <filename>Desktop</filename>, because <filename>foo</filename> is a file and <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> is a directory.

54.

The <command>rm</command> command is used to delete files and directories. (<acronym>rm</acronym> is short for <quote>remove</quote>). To delete the file <filename>foo</filename> from the current directory, type: <screen>rm foo</screen>

55.

By default, <command>rm</command> will not remove directories. To remove a directory, you must use the <command>-r</command> option (which can also be entered as <command>-R</command> or <command>--recursive</command>). For example, <screen>rm -r foobar</screen> or <screen>rm -R foobar</screen> or <screen>rm --recursive foobar</screen> will remove the directory <filename class="directory">foobar</filename><emphasis> and all of its contents!</emphasis>

62.

The <command>top</command> command displays information on the <trademark>Linux</trademark> system - processes that are running, system resources including <acronym>CPU</acronym>, <acronym>RAM</acronym> &amp; swap usage, and the total number of tasks being run. To exit <command>top</command>, press <keycap>q</keycap>.

64.

The <command>uname</command> command with the <command>-a</command> option displays all system information, including machine name, kernel name &amp; version, and other details. This command is useful for checking which kernel is in use. (<abbrev>uname</abbrev> is short for <quote>unix name</quote>).