Translations by Fumihito YOSHIDA

Successfully networking your Ubuntu system with Windows clients involves providing and integrating with services common to Windows environments. Such services assist the sharing of data and information about the computers and users involved in the network, and may be classified under three major categories of functionality:

<emphasis role="bold">File and Printer Sharing Services</emphasis>. Using the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol to facilitate the sharing of files, folders, volumes, and the sharing of printers throughout the network.

<emphasis role="bold">Directory Services</emphasis>. Sharing vital information about the computers and users of the network with such technologies as the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and Microsoft <trademark class="registered">Active Directory</trademark>.

Groups define a collection of computers or users which have a common level of access to particular network resources and offer a level of granularity in controlling access to such resources. For example, if a group <emphasis role="italic">qa</emphasis> is defined and contains the users <emphasis role="italic">freda</emphasis>, <emphasis role="italic">danika</emphasis>, and <emphasis role="italic">rob</emphasis> and a second group <emphasis role="italic">support</emphasis> is defined and consists of users <emphasis role="italic">danika</emphasis>, <emphasis role="italic">jeremy</emphasis>, and <emphasis role="italic">vincent</emphasis> then certain network resources configured to allow access by the <emphasis role="italic">qa</emphasis> group will subsequently enable access by freda, danika, and rob, but not jeremy or vincent. Since the user <emphasis role="italic">danika</emphasis> belongs to both the <emphasis role="italic">qa</emphasis> and <emphasis role="italic">support</emphasis> groups, she will be able to access resources configured for access by both groups, whereas all other users will have only access to resources explicitly allowing the group they are part of.

A Web server is a software responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients, which are known as Web browsers, and serving them HTTP responses along with optional data contents, which usually are Web pages such as HTML documents and linked objects (images, etc.).

Apache is the most commonly used Web Server on Linux systems. Web Servers are used to serve Web Pages requested by client computers. Clients typically request and view Web Pages using Web Browser applications such as <application>Firefox</application>, <application>Opera</application>, or <application>Mozilla</application>.

Users enter a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to point to a Web server by means of its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) and a path to the required resource. For example, to view the home page of the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com">Ubuntu Web site</ulink> a user will enter only the FQDN. To request specific information about <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">paid support</ulink>, a user will enter the FQDN followed by a path.

The most common protocol used to transfer Web pages is the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Protocols such as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer (HTTPS), and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a protocol for uploading and downloading files, are also supported.

Apache Web Servers are often used in combination with the <application>MySQL</application> database engine, the HyperText Preprocessor (<application>PHP</application>) scripting language, and other popular scripting languages such as <application>Python</application> and <application>Perl</application>. This configuration is termed LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and Perl/Python/PHP) and forms a powerful and robust platform for the development and deployment of Web-based applications.

The <emphasis>ServerAdmin</emphasis> directive specifies the email address to be advertised for the server's administrator. The default value is webmaster@localhost. This should be changed to an email address that is delivered to you (if you are the server's administrator). If your website has a problem, Apache2 will display an error message containing this email address to report the problem to. Find this directive in your site's configuration file in /etc/apache2/sites-available.

The <emphasis>Listen</emphasis> directive specifies the port, and optionally the IP address, Apache2 should listen on. If the IP address is not specified, Apache2 will listen on all IP addresses assigned to the machine it runs on. The default value for the Listen directive is 80. Change this to 127.0.0.1:80 to cause Apache2 to listen only on your loopback interface so that it will not be available to the Internet, to (for example) 81 to change the port that it listens on, or leave it as is for normal operation. This directive can be found and changed in its own file, <filename>/etc/apache2/ports.conf</filename>

This section explains configuration of the Apache2 server default settings. For example, if you add a virtual host, the settings you configure for the virtual host take precedence for that virtual host. For a directive not defined within the virtual host settings, the default value is used.

You can access the secure server pages by typing https://your_hostname/url/ in your browser address bar.

By default, the Apache 2 Web server is configured to run PHP5 scripts. In other words, the PHP5 module is enabled in Apache2 Web server automatically when you install the module. Please verify if the files <filename>/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf</filename> and <filename>/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.load</filename> exist. If they do not exists, you can enable the module using <command>a2enmod</command> command.

Once you have <application>Apache</application> and <application>MySQL</application> packages installed, you are ready to install <application>Ruby on Rails</application> package.

That's it! Now you have your Server ready for your <application>Ruby on Rails</application> applications.

A Wiki is a website that allows the visitors to easily add, remove and modify available content easily. The ease of interaction and operation makes Wiki an effective tool for mass collaborative authoring. The term Wiki is also referred to the collaborative software.

sudo apt-get install python-moinmoin

You should also install <application>apache2</application> web server. For installing <application>apache2</application> web server, please refer to <xref linkend="http-installation"/> sub-section in <xref linkend="httpd"/> section.

For configuring your first Wiki application, please run the following set of commands. Let us assume that you are creating a Wiki named <emphasis>mywiki</emphasis>:

Now you should configure <application>MoinMoin</application> to find your new Wiki <emphasis>mywiki</emphasis>. To configure <application>MoinMoin</application>, open <filename>/etc/moin/mywiki.py</filename> file and change the following line:

If the <filename>/etc/moin/mywiki.py</filename> file does not exists, you should copy <filename>/etc/moin/moinmaster.py</filename> file to <filename>/etc/moin/mywiki.py</filename> file and do the above mentioned change.

If you have named your Wiki as <emphasis>my_wiki_name</emphasis> you should insert a line <quote>("my_wiki_name", r".*")</quote> in <filename>/etc/moin/farmconfig.py</filename> file after the line <quote>("mywiki", r".*")</quote>.

Once you have configured <application>MoinMoin</application> to find your first Wiki application <emphasis>mywiki</emphasis>, you should configure <application>apache2</application> and make it ready for your Wiki application.

You should add the following lines in <filename>/etc/apache2/sites-available/default</filename> file inside the <quote>&lt;VirtualHost *&gt;</quote> tag:

Once you configure the <application>apache2</application> web server and make it ready for your Wiki application, you should restart it. You can run the following command to restart the <application>apache2</application> web server:

You can verify the Wiki application and see if it works by pointing your web browser to the following URL:

You can also run the test command by pointing your web browser to the following URL:

MediaWiki is an web based Wiki software written in the PHP language. It can either use <application>MySQL</application> or <application>PostgreSQL</application> Database Management System.

Please read the <quote>Checking environment...</quote> section in this page. You should be able to fix many issues by carefully reading this section.