Translations by Akihiro Motoki

By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes. Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.

set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

-t equivalent to -vT -T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I -u (ignored) -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

Examples: %s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff". %s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".

With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2, and column three contains lines common to both files.

not writing through dangling symlink %s

omitting directory %s

-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional attributes: context, links, xattr, all

--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes --parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY

-R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively --reflink[=WHEN] control clone/CoW copies. See below --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force)

Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.

invalid range with no endpoint: -

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number; then an optional modifier, which is either E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

directory fail unless a directory

\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits) \xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)

A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.

Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be: ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0

STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 length STRING length of STRING

Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.

Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.

Usage: %s [OPTION] Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.

Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.

-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files to corresponding destination files -s, --strip strip symbol tables --strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created

Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.

FIXME: unknown

Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X, it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal; otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:

invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute

Print the number of processing units available to the current process, which may be less than the number of online processors

-f same as -t fF, select floats -i same as -t dI, select decimal ints -l same as -t dL, select decimal longs -o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units -s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units -x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit. An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

cannot skip past end of combined input

-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs -s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel

delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s

Diagnose invalid or unportable file names. -p check for most POSIX systems -P check for empty names and leading "-" --portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)

-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together with -COLUMN -c, --show-control-chars use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation -d, --double-space double space the output

-D, --date-format=FORMAT use FORMAT for the header date -e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]] expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8) -F, -f, --form-feed use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages (by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header and trailer without -F)

-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]] number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB), default counting starts with 1st line of input file -N, --first-line-number=NUMBER start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)

-T, --omit-pagination omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination by form feeds set in input files -v, --show-nonprinting use octal backslash notation -w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)

FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are: \" double quote

\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits) \xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits) \uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits) \UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)

missing hexadecimal number in escape

skipping %s, since it's on a different device

--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once; for more use temp files

--verbose print a diagnostic just before each output file is opened

Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.

NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports.

invalid integer %s

FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2

[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space [:lower:] all lower case letters [:print:] all printable characters, including space [:punct:] all punctuation characters [:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace [:upper:] all upper case letters [:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits [=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR