|
|
166.
|
|
|
The IP address, Netmask, Network Address, Broadcast Address, and Gateway Address are typically specified via the appropriate directives in the file <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>. The Nameserver Addresses are typically specified via <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> directives in the file <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. For more information, view the system manual page for <filename>interfaces</filename> or <filename>resolv.conf</filename> respectively, with the following commands typed at a terminal prompt:
|
|
|
|
|
IP 地址、掩码、网络地址、广播地址以及网关地址一般都是在文件 <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> 中通过相应的语句来指定的。名称服务器地址一般是在文件 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> 中通过 <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> 语句来指定的。更多详情，请分别查阅 <filename>interfaces</filename> 或 <filename>resolv.conf</filename> 的系统手册页。
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:722(para)
|
|
|
167.
|
|
|
Access the system manual page for <filename>interfaces</filename> with the following command:
|
|
|
|
|
查阅 <filename>interfaces</filename> 系统手册页，可用以下命令：
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:729(para)
|
|
|
168.
|
|
|
man interfaces
|
|
|
|
|
man interfaces
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:734(command)
|
|
|
169.
|
|
|
Access the system manual page for <filename>resolv.conf</filename> with the following command:
|
|
|
|
|
查阅 <filename>resolv.conf</filename> 系统手册页，用以下命令：
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:737(para)
|
|
|
170.
|
|
|
man resolv.conf
|
|
|
|
|
man resolv.conf
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:741(command)
|
|
|
171.
|
|
|
The common configuration elements of TCP/IP and their purposes are as follows: <placeholder-1/>
|
|
|
|
|
TCP/IP 常用配置元素及其作用如下所示：<placeholder-1/>
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:646(para)
|
|
|
172.
|
|
|
IP Routing
|
|
|
|
|
IP 路由
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
serverguide/C/network-config.xml:748(title)
|
|
|
173.
|
|
|
IP routing is a means of specifying and discovering paths in a TCP/IP network along which network data may be sent. Routing uses a set of <emphasis>routing tables</emphasis> to direct the forwarding of network data packets from their source to the destination, often via many intermediary network nodes known as <emphasis>routers</emphasis>. IP Routing is the principal mode of path discovery on the Internet. There are two primary forms of IP Routing: <emphasis>Static Routing</emphasis> and <emphasis>Dynamic Routing.</emphasis>
|
|
|
|
|
IP 路由是在 TCP/IP 网络上为可能发送的网络数据指明或发现路径。路由使用一组<emphasis>路由表</emphasis>来指示网络数据包从源地址转发到目的地，经常是通过许多叫做路由器的网络节点做中转。IP 路由是 Internet 上路径发现的主要方式。IP 路由分为两种形式：<emphasis>静态路由</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>动态路由</emphasis>。
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
C/network-applications.xml:298(para)
|
|
|
174.
|
|
|
Static routing involves manually adding IP routes to the system's routing table, and this is usually done by manipulating the routing table with the <application>route</application> command. Static routing enjoys many advantages over dynamic routing, such as simplicity of implementation on smaller networks, predictability (the routing table is always computed in advance, and thus the route is precisely the same each time it used), and low overhead on other routers and network links due to the lack of a dynamic routing protocol. However, static routing does present some disadvantages as well. For example, static routing is limited to small networks and does not scale well. Static routing also fails completely to adapt to network outages and failures along the route due to the fixed nature of the route.
|
|
|
|
|
静态路由包含向系统路由表中手工添加的 IP 路由，一般是通过 <application>route</application> 命令来向路由表手工添加的。静态路由与动态路由相比有许多优点，如在小网络中实施简单，有可预测性 (路由表总是事先算好，因此路由在每次使用时都相当一致)，在其它路由器和网络链路处理上比动态路由协议开销小。然而，静态路由也有一些缺点。如静态路由只限于小网络而且不能很好地进行调整。静态路由由于路由固定的特性，因此根本无法根据路由来适应网络中断和故障。
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
C/network-applications.xml:307(para)
|
|
|
175.
|
|
|
Dynamic Routing depends on large networks with multiple possible IP routes from a source to a destination and makes use of special routing protocols, such as the Router Information Protocol (RIP), which handle the automatic adjustments in routing tables that make dynamic routing possible. Dynamic routing has several advantages over static routing, such as superior scalability and the ability to adapt to failures and outages along network routes. Additionally, there is less manual configuration of the routing tables, since routers learn from one another about their existence and available routes. This trait also eliminates the possibility of introducing mistakes in the routing tables via human error. Dynamic routing is not perfect, however, and presents disadvantages such as heightened complexity and additional network overhead from router communications, which does not immediately benefit the end users, but still consumes network bandwidth.
|
|
|
|
|
动态路由有赖于从一个源到目的有多条可用 IP 路由的大型网络，利用特定的路由协议，如路由信息协议 (RIP)，可以自动调整路由表以生成可能的动态路由。动态路由相对静态路由有几个优点,如拥有较大的伸缩性和能根据网络路由来适应网络中断和故障。另外，几乎无须手工配置路由表，因为路由器可以相互学到其他已有并且可用的路由器。这一特性也消除了由于人为错误而在路由表中引入错误的可能。然而，动态路由也并不完美，其表现出来的缺点如相当复杂以及由于路由器通讯所带来的额外的网络开销，并不能使最终用户由此获益，并却一直消耗着网络带宽。
|
|
Translated and reviewed by
姚渺波
|
|
|
|
Located in
C/network-applications.xml:317(para)
|
