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21.
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Instructor Notes:
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:39(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:215(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:251(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:274(title) chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:1339(title)
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25.
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As a result of collaborative software development which involves a large number of programmers, users receive software that is often better in quality and performance than proprietary alternatives. Users are encouraged to customise the software to their own personal requirements, which in itself is a huge step away from the 'one size fits all' philosophy.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:65(para)
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30.
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In the 1960s, it was typical for software to be distributed freely by companies such as IBM and shared amongst users. Software was then considered an enabler for the hardware, around which the business model of these corporations was built. Software was provided with source code that could be improved and modified; this was therefore the very early seeds of open source software. However, as hardware became cheaper and profit margins eroded in the 1970s, manufacturers looked to software to provide additional revenue streams.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:85(para)
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31.
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In September 1983, Richard Matthew Stallman, former programmer at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab launched the GNU project to create a free UNIX-like operating system (OS). He was concerned with growth in proprietary software and users' inability to access and modify programmes on their computers. Developer constraint, as opposed to freedom was prevalent. With the launch of the GNU project, Stallman started the Free Software Movement and in October 1985, set up the Free Software Foundation.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:95(para)
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32.
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Stallman pioneered the definition and characteristics of open source software and the concept of copyleft. He is the main author of several copyleft licenses, including the GNU General Public License (GPL), which is the most widely used free software license.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:104(para)
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34.
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For more information on Richard Stallman and the GNU project, refer to the following URL: <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_stallman">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_stallman</ulink>.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:111(para)
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35.
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By 1991, a number of GNU tools, including the powerful GNU compiler collection (GCC), had been created. However, a free kernel was not yet available to build a free OS that would use these tools.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:115(para)
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37.
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The difference between free software and open source can be defined as the difference between a social movement (free software) and a development methodology (open source). Linux refers to the kernel, or the backbones of the open source architecture.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:122(para)
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38.
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In August 1991, Linus Benedict Torvalds, a Finnish second-year student of computer science at the University of Helsinki, started working on Minix.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:127(para)
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40.
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Minix is a UNIX-like OS built with open source code that Prof. Andrew S. Tanenbaum created with the intention to teach his students the internal processes of an OS.
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(no translation yet)
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Located in
chapter1/po/xinclude.xml:142(para)
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