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37.

The install command installs the named snaps on the system.

To install multiple instances of the same snap, append an underscore and a
unique identifier (for each instance) to a snap's name.

With no further options, the snaps are installed tracking the stable channel,
with strict security confinement. All available channels of a snap are listed in
its 'snap info' output.

When --revision is used, a later refresh will typically undo the revision
override, taking the snap back to the current revision of the channel it's
tracking.

Use --name to set the instance name when installing from snap file.

53.

The pack command packs the given snap-dir as a snap and writes the result to
target-dir. If target-dir is omitted, the result is written to current
directory. If both source-dir and target-dir are omitted, the pack command packs
the current directory.

The default file name for a snap can be derived entirely from its snap.yaml, but
in some situations it's simpler for a script to feed the filename in. In those
cases, --filename can be given to override the default. If this filename is
not absolute it will be taken as relative to target-dir.

When used with --check-skeleton, pack only checks whether snap-dir contains
valid snap metadata and raises an error otherwise. Application commands listed
in snap metadata file, but appearing with incorrect permission bits result in an
error. Commands that are missing from snap-dir are listed in diagnostic
messages.

When used with --append-integrity-data, pack will append dm-verity data at the end
of the snap to be used with snapd's snap integrity verification mechanism.

61.

The reboot command can used from allowed hooks to control the reboot behavior of the system.

Currently it can only be invoked from gadget install-device during UC20 install mode. After invoking it from install-device with --halt or --poweroff the device will not reboot into run mode after finishing install mode but will instead either halt or power off. From install-device the effect is therefore not immediate but delayed until the end of installation itself.

62.

The reboot command reboots the system into a particular mode of the selected
recovery system.

When called without a system label and without a mode it will just
trigger a regular reboot.

When called without a system label but with a mode it will use the
current system to enter the given mode.

Note that "recover", "factory-reset" and "run" modes are only available for the
current system.

63.

The recovery command lists the available recovery systems.

With --show-keys it displays recovery keys that can be used to unlock the encrypted partitions if the device-specific automatic unlocking does not work.

64.

The refresh command prints pending refreshes of the calling snap and can hold
back disruptive refreshes of other snaps, such as refreshes of the kernel or
base snaps that can trigger a restart. This command can be used from the
gate-auto-refresh hook which is only run during auto-refresh.

Snap can query pending refreshes with:
$ snapctl refresh --pending
pending: ready
channel: stable
version: 2
revision: 2
base: false
restart: false

The 'pending' flag can be "ready", "none" or "inhibited". It is set to "none"
when a snap has no pending refreshes. It is set to "ready" when there are
pending refreshes and to ”inhibited” when pending refreshes are being
held back because more or more snap applications are running with the
“refresh app awareness” feature enabled.

The "base" and "restart" flags indicate whether the base snap is going to be
updated and/or if a restart will occur, both of which are disruptive. A base
snap update can temporarily disrupt the starting of applications or hooks from
the snap.

To tell snapd to proceed with pending refreshes:
$ snapctl refresh --pending --proceed

Note, a snap using --proceed cannot assume that the updates will occur as they
might be held back by other snaps.

To hold refresh for up to 90 days for the calling snap:
$ snapctl refresh --pending --hold

65.

The refresh command updates the specified snaps, or all snaps in the system if
none are specified.

With no further options, the snaps are refreshed to the current revision of the
channel they're tracking, preserving their confinement options. All available
channels of a snap are listed in its 'snap info' output.

When --revision is used, a later refresh will typically undo the revision
override.

Hold (--hold) is used to postpone snap refresh updates for all snaps when no
snaps are specified, or for the specified snaps.

When no snaps are specified --hold is only effective on auto-refreshes and will
not block either general refresh requests from 'snap refresh' or specific snap
requests from 'snap refresh target-snap'.

When snaps are specified --hold is effective on both their auto-refreshes
and general refresh requests from 'snap refresh'. However, specific snap
requests from 'snap refresh target-snap' remain unblocked and will proceed.

66.

The remodel command changes the model assertion of the device, either to a new
revision or a full new model.

In the process it applies any implied changes to the device: new required
snaps, new kernel or gadget etc.

67.

The remove command removes the named snap instance from the system.

By default all the snap revisions are removed, including their data and the
common data directory. When a --revision option is passed only the specified
revision is removed.

Unless automatic snapshots are disabled, a snapshot of all data for the snap is
saved upon removal, which is then available for future restoration with snap
restore. The --purge option disables automatically creating snapshots.

68.

The remove-quota command removes the given quota group.

Currently, only quota groups with no sub-groups can be removed. In order to
remove a quota group with sub-groups, the sub-groups must first be removed until
there are no sub-groups for the group, then the group itself can be removed.