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4813.

<ulink url="http://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync.html">rsync</ulink>: a flexible utility used to create incremental copies of files.

4815.

The shell script in <xref linkend="backup-shellscripts"/> only allows for seven different archives. For a server whose data doesn't change often, this may be enough. If the server has a large amount of data, a more complex rotation scheme should be used.

4817.

In this section, the shell script will be slightly modified to implement a grandfather-father-son rotation scheme (monthly-weekly-daily):

4822.

#!/bin/bash
####################################
#
# Backup to NFS mount script with
# grandfather-father-son rotation.
#
####################################

# What to backup.
backup_files="/home /var/spool/mail /etc /root /boot /opt"

# Where to backup to.
dest="/mnt/backup"

# Setup variables for the archive filename.
day=$(date +%A)
hostname=$(hostname -s)

# Find which week of the month 1-4 it is.
day_num=$(date +%-d)
if (( $day_num &lt;= 7 )); then
week_file="$hostname-week1.tgz"
elif (( $day_num &gt; 7 &amp;&amp; $day_num &lt;= 14 )); then
week_file="$hostname-week2.tgz"
elif (( $day_num &gt; 14 &amp;&amp; $day_num &lt;= 21 )); then
week_file="$hostname-week3.tgz"
elif (( $day_num &gt; 21 &amp;&amp; $day_num &lt; 32 )); then
week_file="$hostname-week4.tgz"
fi

# Find if the Month is odd or even.
month_num=$(date +%m)
month=$(expr $month_num % 2)
if [ $month -eq 0 ]; then
month_file="$hostname-month2.tgz"
else
month_file="$hostname-month1.tgz"
fi

# Create archive filename.
if [ $day_num == 1 ]; then
[tab]archive_file=$month_file
elif [ $day != "Saturday" ]; then
archive_file="$hostname-$day.tgz"
else
[tab]archive_file=$week_file
fi

# Print start status message.
echo "Backing up $backup_files to $dest/$archive_file"
date
echo

# Backup the files using tar.
tar czf $dest/$archive_file $backup_files

# Print end status message.
echo
echo "Backup finished"
date

# Long listing of files in $dest to check file sizes.
ls -lh $dest/

4824.

It is good practice to take backup media off-site in case of a disaster. In the shell script example the backup media is another server providing an NFS share. In all likelihood taking the NFS server to another location would not be practical. Depending upon connection speeds it may be an option to copy the archive file over a WAN link to a server in another location.

4825.

Another option is to copy the archive file to an external hard drive which can then be taken off-site. Since the price of external hard drives continue to decrease, it may be cost-effective to use two drives for each archive level. This would allow you to have one external drive attached to the backup server and one in another location.

4827.

A tape drive attached to the server can be used instead of an NFS share. Using a tape drive simplifies archive rotation, and makes taking the media off-site easier as well.

4828.

When using a tape drive, the filename portions of the script aren't needed because the data is sent directly to the tape device. Some commands to manipulate the tape are needed. This is accomplished using <application>mt</application>, a magnetic tape control utility part of the <application>cpio</application> package.

4836.

<application>Bacula</application> is a backup program enabling you to backup, restore, and verify data across your network. There are Bacula clients for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X - making it a cross-platform network wide solution.

4837.

<application>Bacula</application> is made up of several components and services used to manage which files to backup and backup locations: